太阳能辅助空气源热泵系统多地区适用性研究

Research on multi-regional applicability of solar energy-asisted air source heat pump system

为探究太阳能辅助空气源热泵系统在不同太阳能资源等级地区的适用性,根据年太阳辐照量的不同,依次选取太阳能资源等级为Ⅰ—Ⅳ级的拉萨、张家口、杭州、贵阳作为研究对象,使用TRNSYS软件进行系统的模拟。选择热泵功率、水箱容积、电辅热功率、集热器面积、集热器方位角和倾斜角6个参数作为优化变量,以生命周期成本为目标函数,利用粒子群优化算法得到各地区的最佳设备参数,并对优化后的系统进行经济性、敏感性分析。研究结果表明:拉萨和张家口地区的太阳能辅助空气源热泵系统最优运行方式为热泵搭配集热器,而杭州和贵阳地区的系统最优运行方式则为热泵搭配电辅热;其中,贵阳地区的热泵运行效率最高,为2.94,拉萨地区的系统运行效率最高,为2.26,杭州地区的系统单位制热量成本低,为0.48元/k W;选用相对灵敏度分析可知,热泵功率对各个地区系统的生命周期成本均具有显著影响。所得结果可为太阳能辅助空气源热泵系统的优化设计提供相应的理论依据。

In order to explore the applicability of solar energy-asisted air source heat pump system in areas with different solar resource levels, TRNSYS software is applied to carry out systematical simulation, by taking regions with solar resource levels of Ⅰ~Ⅳ(Lhasa, Zhangjiakou, Hangzhou and Guiyang) as the research object. Six parameters including the rated power of heat pump, the tank volume, the rated power of electric auxiliary heating,the collector area, the collector azimuth and the tilt angle are selected as the optimization variables, and the life cycle cost of the system is selected as the optimization objective function. The particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is applied to obtain the optimum equipment parameters, and economic and sensitivity analysis on the optimized system are executed. The research results suggest that, in Lhasa and Zhangjiakou, the optimal operation mode of the system is heat pump with heat collector, while in Hangzhou and Guiyang, the optimal operation mode of the system is heat pump with electric auxiliary heating. Moreover, the heat pump in Guiyang has the highest operating efficiency(2.94), the system in Lhasa has the highest operating efficiency(2.26), and the system in Hangzhou has the lowest cost per unit of heat(0.48 yuan/kW). The relative sensitivity analysis results show that the rated power of heat pump has a significant effect on the life cycle cost of the system in all regions. The conclusions can provide corresponding theoretical basis for optimal design of solar energy-asisted air source heat pump system.