福建省自然保护地管理有效性评估——基于保护地快速评估和优先性确定方法

Evaluating the management effectiveness of protected areas based on RAPPAM in Fujian

在自然保护地管理体制改革之际,对保护地开展管理有效性评价可以识别保护地面临的威胁与压力,确定保护地管理工作的优先性。研究以保护地快速评估和优先性确定方法(Rapid Assessment and Prioritization of Protected Areas Management, RAPPAM)为基础,结合福建省省情优化管理评价指标体系,对福建省9个地级市的53处自然保护地开展管理有效性评估,识别自然保护地面临的主要压力与威胁,分析保护地管理上的优劣势,并选用斯皮尔曼相关性分析,识别有利于减轻保护地威胁的相关管理环节,为福建省保护地管理工作的优先性调整提供参考。结果表明:(1)福建省自然保护地面临的主要威胁和压力依次为火灾、种养殖、虫害、环境污染和旅游,其中,环境污染与旅游对保护地的影响严重。(2)福建省自然保护地体系管理水平总体一般,存在地域性差异。自然保护地普遍存在多头管理、管理投入不足、管理实施计划缺失等问题。(3)由斯皮尔曼关联性分析可知,保护地管理过程与投入的提升有助于降低火灾、虫害、种养殖的威胁。环境污染和旅游威胁受宏观经济发展、保护地及周边用地规划影响显著。

On the occasion of the reform of natural protected areas management system, the management effectiveness evaluation helps to identify the threats and pressures of the protection and determine the priority of protection management. Combined with the conditions of Fujian Province, this research optimized evaluation index system of the Rapid Assessment and Prioritization of Protected Areas Management(RAPPAM) methodology and evaluated the management effectiveness of 53 protected areas in 9 prefecture-level cities, in order to identify the main pressures and threats and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of protection management. With Spearman′s correlation analysis, the relevant management steps were identified to lessen the threats, which provided priority adjustment reference for the protected areas management in Fujian. The results show that:(1) the main threats and pressures are successively fire, breeding, pests, environmental pollution and tourism, in which the last two have the most serious impact;(2) the management system of Fujian natural protected areas is at the medium level with regional differences. There are widespread problems, such as multiple management, insufficient management input, and lack of management implementation plans.(3) From Spearman′s correlation analysis, the improvement of the management and input in the protected areas can help reduce the threat of fire, pests, breeding. And environmental pollution and tourism threats are significantly affected by macroeconomic development, the planning of protected areas and surrounding lands.