基于群落视角的五台山景区森林植被旅游承载力研究

Tourism carrying capacity of forest vegetation in Wutai Mountain scenic area based on community perspective

植被旅游承载力的研究对于加强山地型景区生态管理,促进可持续发展具有重要意义。文章从多角度建立了群落旅游承载力的测量指标,并对五台山景区森林植被的旅游承载力进行了测算。结果表明:(1)五台山森林群落可分为多幼苗—有灌木型、少幼苗—有灌木型、多幼苗—无灌木型、少幼苗—无灌木型、有萌枝—有灌木型、有萌枝—无灌木型、极少萌枝—有幼苗型以及无萌枝—无幼苗型,各组类型逐渐由生态环境良好区到生态环境较差区递变。(2)群落旅游承载力的测算结果显示,有37个样方处于超载状态,且主要受到寺庙与村落周边的旅游干扰影响。(3)群落旅游承载力也受到各类地理因子的影响。其中,坡向、坡形分别与群落旅游承载力呈显著负相关和显著正相关,其余地理因子则与群落旅游承载力呈正相关关系。

Research of the tourism carrying capacity of vegetation is important to strengthen the ecological management of mountainous scenic areas and promote sustainable development. Based on relevant studies at home and abroad, this article constructed an evaluation index system of the tourism carrying capacity of the community from four aspects: the vertical structure, the horizontal structure, the life-form spectrum, and the renewal ability of plant community. Various quantitatively ecological methods such as Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis(TWINSPAN) and Detrended Correspondence Analysis(DCA) were used to measure the tourism carrying capacity of forest vegetation in Wutai Mountain scenic area. The results show that:(1) based on the classification results of TWINSPAN, the forest communities in Wutai Mountain can be divided into the type with many seedlings and some shrubs, the type with few seedlings and some shrubs, the type with many seedlings and no shrubs, the type with few seedlings and no shrubs, the type with some shrubs and sprouts, the type with some sprouts and no shrubs, the type with very few sprouts and some seedlings, the type with no seedlings and no sprouts. The types of each group were transited gradually from good to poor ecological environment.(2) The measurement results of the tourism carrying capacity of the community showed that 43 samples were not overloaded, 37 samples were overloaded, and the total overload rate was 46.25%. The overloaded samples were mainly affected by the tourism interference around the temples and villages.(3) The principal geographical factors affecting the change of tourism carrying capacity of the community could be identified by the Pearson correlation analysis method, such as altitude, slope, slope position, slope shape, and aspect. Among them, the slope shape was significantly positively correlated with the tourism carrying capacity of the community, the aspect was significantly negatively correlated with the tourism carrying capacity of the community, and the rest of geographical factors were positively correlated with the tourism carrying capacity of the community. In addition, some targeted control strategies were pointed out for vegetation protection and ecological management in Wutai Mountain scenic area.