阳离子表面活性剂在工业清洗中的应用研究

Study of Cationic Surfactant Applied in Industrial Cleaning

阳离子表面活性剂易吸附于通常带负电的固体表面,使固体表面疏水,易吸附油污,不利于清洗,工业清洗中常被忽视。然而在阴离子、非离子表面活性剂清洗体系中,复配少量阳离子表面活性剂可以显著提升清洗效率。本文综述了通过改性后可以普遍与阴离子、非离子表面活性剂复配的阳离子表面活性剂的类型、结构及其应用特点,并指出了应用于工业清洗的阳离子表面活性剂在设计开发及应用的关键要素。

Cationic surfactants are easily adsorbed on surfaces of usually negatively charged objects,resulting in hydrophobic solid surface. They are easy to absorb oil stains and adverse to cleaning, so they are often ignored in industrial cleaning.However, in the anionic or nonionic surfactant cleaning systems, the combination of a small amount of cationic surfactants can significantly improve the cleaning efficiency. This paper reviews the types, structures and application characteristics of cationic surfactants that can be generally compounded with anionic or nonionic surfactants, and points out the key factors in the design, development and application of cationic surfactants used in industrial cleaning.