山西省3种野生黄芩属植物表型及分子水平分析

Phenotypic and Molecular Analysis of Three Species of Scutellaria L.from Shanxi

为开发、利用山西省黄芩属野生资源,对3种黄芩植株的株高、茎、花、叶和根的形态特征进行了调查,发现最明显的区分点为花色、根的形态和颜色特征;随后利用手持数码电子显微镜观察到粘毛黄芩种皮呈现白色,而并头黄芩种子表面分布有大量的瘤状突起;同时分析了黄芩和并头黄芩叶绿体基因组序列的SSR位点,发现二者基因组序列中主要为单核苷酸重复基元A/T和C/G,黄芩叶绿体基因组序列中二核苷酸重复基元为AT/TA,并头黄芩叶绿体基因组中二核苷酸重复基元为AT/AT。在此基础上开发出黄芩和并头黄芩cpSSR引物并对3种黄芩属材料进行筛选,其中有5对引物能扩增出与材料对应的特异性条带。本研究从植株表型、种子形态和分子水平对黄芩、粘毛黄芩和并头黄芩进行了快速、准确的鉴定,可为黄芩属材料的鉴定、开发和利用奠定基础。

Scutellaria baicalensis,S.viscidula and S.scordifolia are three kinds of wild resources of Scutellaria distributed in the north Shanxi.The chemical composition and plant morphology of the three materials are similar.In order to identify the above three materials,we investigated the morphological characteristics of plant height,stem,flower,leaf and root of three S.baicalensis.The most obvious differences are the color of flowers,the shape of roots and the color of roots in the three materials.The corolla of S.baicalensis and S.scordifolia are blue,and the S.viscidula is white.The root bark of S.baicalensis and S.viscidula are dark brown,while the root bark of S.scordifolia is white.The seeds of the three materials were further observed by hand-held digital electron microscope.It was found that the surface of S.viscidula seeds was white,while the seeds of S.scordifolia were densely covered with a large number of tumor like processes;We also analyzed the SSR sites of chloroplast genome sequences of S.baicalensis and S.scordifolia.The results showed that 55 SSRs were identified from the whole genome sequence of chloroplast genome sequences of S.baicalensis and S.scordifolia.In which,the main repeat base of two materials was mono-nucleotide repeat SSRs(A/T and C/G),accounting for 93.33%and 92.00%.The dinucleotide repeat SSRs were AT/TA and AT/AT in S.baicalensis and S.scordifolia,respectively.In addition,cpSSR primers for 55 SSRs were designed by using Primer 5.0 software.We finally designed 78 pairs of cpSSR primers in S.baicalensis and 69 pairs of cpSSR primers in S.scordifolia.Twenty pairs of cpSSR markers of S.baicalensis and S.scordifolia were randomly selected to further screen the three materials.The PCR results indicated that 14 of them(70%)had amplified the t electrophoresis bands,of which five pairs of primers could amplify the specific bands corresponding to the material.In conclusion,S.baicalensis,S.viscidula and S.scordifolia are identified quickly from the plant phenotype,seed morphology and molecular level.These results are the basis for the identification,development and utilization of Scutellaria baicalensis,S.viscidula and S.scordifolia.