墨尔本“20分钟邻里”规划策略及实施保障

Planning Strategies and Implementation Supports of Melbourne’s“20-Minute Neighbourhoods”

“20分钟邻里”提倡步行和骑自行车等主动交通的使用,并在对应范围内提供满足日常生活所需的服务。墨尔本的“20分钟邻里”规划策略从2015年推行至今已有六年多,与我国多个城市的生活圈规划探索基本处于同步节奏。本文首先从愿景、战略规划、试点项目三方面梳理了墨尔本“20分钟邻里”规划策略;其次,总结墨尔本“20分钟邻里”在政策、场所、联合机制三个方面,以及已建区域提升和增长区域新开发两种情景下的实施保障。文章发现,墨尔本“20分钟邻里”这一策略通过微观尺度的倡议回应了城市整体人口增长和空间结构变化的挑战,并帮助社区应对了新冠疫情的冲击。本文最后总结出“围绕场所串联各层次规划、阶段成果关联互动、政府的外部约束作用”三点借鉴,以期为我国生活圈实践的进一步推广提供参考。

The“20-minute neighbourhoods”promotes the use of active transportation such as walking and biking,and provides services that meet daily needs within the corresponding shed.Melbourne’s“20-minute neighbourhoods”planning strategy has been more than five years of development since it was implemented in 2015,which is synchronized with the exploration of“life circle planning”in China.This paper combs the planning and action process of Melbourne’s“20-minute neighbourhoods”from two aspects of strategic plans and pilot programs;summarizes its implementation supports in three aspects of policy,place and partnership,under the two scenarios of the existing community improvement and greenfield development.It finds that this strategy responds to the challenges of overall urban population growth,spatial structure change and motor-based transportation mode through micro scale initiatives,and helps communities cope with the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic.Finally,it puts forward three lessons learned from the Melbourne experience:(1)place-based planning at all levels;(2)the systematic interaction of results in process and(3)the government role of the external constraint,so as to provide a reference for the further practice of life circle planning in China.