国内农业碳源/汇效应研究:视角、进展与改进

Research on domestic agricultural carbon source/sink effect:perspectives,advances and improvements

结构复杂、自然生态与社会经济过程交织、地域特征显著的农业碳源/汇效应存在基于内部结构、双重属性、区域尺度等多种研究视角。国内基于内部结构视角的农业碳源/汇效应研究多局限于种植业,且多以单一的碳源或碳汇研究为主;农业组分细化与组分关联的系统综合研究明显不足。在基于双重属性视角的研究中,自然生态视角侧重于碳吸收和直接碳排放,社会经济视角则聚焦于间接碳排放;由自然与经济相互割裂到相互融合的二元农业碳源/汇综合方法尚需深化。基于区域尺度视角的研究多集中在大中尺度和样地尺度,小尺度县域研究比较薄弱;农产品供应链关联的区域间碳流及减排值得关注。针对中国小规模家庭农场和种养关联的多种经营特征,农业碳源/汇效应研究应将农业产业组分、农产品碳源/汇构成解析与种养关联碳源/汇综合并重,发展和完善评估模型、提高参数本土化程度,追踪农产品生产、流通与消费等区域间碳流全过程。研究综述国内基于内部结构、双重属性和区域尺度等视角的农业碳源/汇效应研究进展,并提出基于我国农业经营特征的碳源/汇效应改进研究。

Considering the substantial potential of agricultural carbon emission reduction and carbon sink increase and possible positive external effects,the issue of agricultural carbon source/sink effect has garnered extensive attention from academia and most sectors of society.Agriculture is a sector with a complex structure,interwoven with natural ecology and socio-economic processes,and with observable regional characteristics.Additionally,there are multiple research perspectives for agricultural carbon source/sink effects,such as internal structure,dual attributes,and regional scale.Most domestic research on agricultural carbon source/sink effect based on internal structure perspective is limited to the planting industry,mainly focusing on a single carbon source or carbon sink;however,systematic,comprehensive research on agricultural internal component refinement and component correlation is noticeably insufficient.As for research based on dual attribute perspective,a natural ecological perspective focuses on carbon absorption and direct carbon emission,whereas a socio-economic perspective focuses on indirect carbon emissions.The comprehensive method needs to be deepened,from separating nature and the economy to integrate dual agricultural carbon source/effect.Research based on regional scale perspectives primarily focuses on large,medium-sized,and sample plot scales,whereas counties′small-scale research is relatively weak.Carbon flow among regions and the carbon emission reduction of agricultural product supply chains should receive increased attention.Small-scale family farms and diversified management associated with planting and breeding are outstanding characteristics of China′s agricultural production and management.Accurate assessment of the regional agricultural carbon source/sink effect under the characteristics of small-scale family farms and diversified management associated with planting and breeding is essential to formulate effective agricultural emission reduction strategies and achieve"double carbon"goals,namely carbon dioxide emissions peak and carbon neutrality,as quickly as possible.In the future,research on the agricultural carbon source/sink effect should integrate sample observation,household survey,and statistical data;focus on the analysis of industrial components and agricultural carbon source/sink composition;strengthen comprehensive research on planting and breeding related to the carbon source/sink effect;expand the research perspective and data acquisition method;develop and improve the evaluation model;improve the degree of parameter localization;track the process of interregional carbon flow,including the production,circulation,and consumption of agricultural products;and encompass the entire carbon emission reduction process.This paper reviews the domestic research progress of agricultural carbon source/sink effect based on internal structure,dual attributes,and regional scale,thereby proposing improvements in the research of carbon source/sink effect based on China′s agricultural management characteristics.