杂粮的活性成分与杂粮加工研究进展

Research progress on the active components and processing of coarse cereals

杂粮营养丰富,在人们饮食中的地位越来越重要。杂粮中含有多酚、β-葡聚糖、植物甾醇等活性成分,对多种慢性疾病具有积极作用,但杂粮中也含有植酸、胰蛋白酶抑制剂、植物凝集素、皂苷等抗营养因子,不利人体对营养物质的吸收,甚至会出现中毒等现象,在杂粮加工中可采用超微粉碎、挤压、膨化、发酵、微波等方法对抗营养因子进行改性,使杂粮在食品工业中发挥更重要的作用。综述了杂粮中活性成分及功能、抗营养因子以及杂粮对健康的益处、杂粮加工方式等,为杂粮产业进一步发展提供参考。

Coarse cereals are more and more important in people’s daily diet due to their rich nutrition.In recent years,the occurrence of a series of chronic diseases,such as cancer,diabetes and cardiovascular disease,has increased and threatened people’s health,which is attributed to an unhealthy diet structure and life style to a great extent.Reasonable diet is the basis of health,diversification of a reasonable diet has become a prerequisite for people’s health.Coarse cereals have been paid more attention to because of their nutritional function,so the coarse cereals industry has an open market prospect.Coarse cereals contain many kinds of active ingredients and have positive effects on many kinds of chronic diseases.However,coarse cereals also contain many kinds of anti-nutritional factors,which cause adverse effects on the absorption of nutrients by the human body and even lead to poisoning.In the processing of coarse cereals,many processing methods can be used to modify the anti-nutritional factors in the coarse cereals,which are important in the food industry.In this review,the active components,anti-nutritional factors,health benefits and processing methods of coarse cereals were summarized to provide a reference for further development of the coarse cereals industry.