降香黄檀木材识别技术研究进展

Research Progress on Identification Techniques of Dalbergia odorifera Wood

降香黄檀Dalbergia odorifera是中国特有珍贵用材树种,具有重要的经济和生态价值。文章对目前国内降香黄檀木材识别方面的研究进行了归纳,包括传统木材识别方法、色谱法/色谱-质谱联用识别方法、红外光谱识别方法和DNA识别方法,针对降香黄檀木材、家具鉴定,笔者仍推荐采用传统识别方法,降香黄檀木材独有的降香气味是鉴别降香黄檀最大的识别特征。对于冒充降香黄檀的鹊肾树Streblus asper、紫油木Pistacias weinmannifolia、破布木Cordia sp.、古夷苏木Guibourtia sp.、螺穗木Spirostachys africana、越南香枝木(多裂黄檀)Dalbergia rimosa、海南黄檀Dalbergia hainanensis等木材,可通过宏观构造鉴别;降真香Dalbergia benthamii、大果紫檀Pterocarpus macrocarpus瘿瘤木材、伯利兹黄檀Dalbergia stevensonii、刺猬紫檀Pterocarpus echinatus、印度黄檀Dalbergia sissoo、黄檀Dalbergia hupeana可利用化学成分差异,通过特征峰差异来区别;对于多裂黄檀、越南黄檀Dalbergia tonkinensis,可通过DNA提取方法区分。

Reviews were made on researches on identification of Dalbergia odorifera wood,including traditional methods,chromatography/chromatography-mass spectrometry methods,infrared spectrum methods and DNA methods.The special odour of D.odorifera wood is the most important property for traditional method identification,which was recommended.While identification by chromatography/chromatography-mass spectrometry,infrared spectrum showed that the wood D.benthamii,Pterocarpus macrocarpus,D.stevensonii,Pt.echinatus,D.sissoo and Dalbergia hupeana could be distinguished by differences in chemical components and characteristic peaks.For D.tonkinensis,DNA extraction could be identified.