革兰氏阳性菌细胞外囊泡的研究现状

The extracellular vesicles from gram-positive bacteria:a review

细胞外囊泡(EVs),也称为膜小泡,是真核细胞和细菌分泌的囊泡状小体。它通过携带蛋白质、DNA、RNA和各种代谢物进行细胞间物质的交流传递。根据内容物的不同发挥不同的生理功能,如传递营养物质、参与免疫反应、治疗癌症等。目前大多数研究专注于真核细胞和革兰氏阴性菌囊泡的探索,而对革兰氏阳性菌中分泌的囊泡研究较少。这篇综述总结了目前对于革兰氏阳性细菌EVs的产生、内容物成分、生理功能、改造等方面的研究成果,并探讨了未来革兰氏阳性菌囊泡需研究的关键领域。

Extracellular vesicles(EVs),also known as membrane vesicles,are vesicular bodies secreted by eukaryotic cells and bacteria.EVs can carry proteins,DNA,RNA,and various metabolites for the exchange and transmission of substances between cells.They play contents-dependent physiological functions,such as delivering nutrients,participating in immune response,and treating cancers.Currently,most studies focus on the exploration of vesicles secreted by eukaryotic cells and gram-negative bacteria,while few studies focus on gram-positive bacteria.This review summarized the production,content composition,physiological function,and engineering of EVs secreted by gram-positive bacteria,and prospected future perspectives in this area.