中国哲学是如何可能的?——再谈中国哲学的合法性危机

How Could Chinese Philosophy Be Possible?——A New Discussion of the Legitimacy Crisis of Chinese Philosophy

最近20多年来围绕中国哲学合法性的争论,背后反映的是当代中国学统重建的范式困境,以及当代中国学人的精神贫困。中国传统学问中被当成哲学的一些成分(如儒学),从形态上更接近于宗教而非哲学,因此,从“是哲学”的角度为中国传统哲学合法性辩护是成问题的,但这并不妨碍我们从“有哲学”的角度谈论“中国古代哲学”或“儒家哲学”,就像我们谈论基督教哲学、佛教哲学那样,指现代人从哲学立场研究古人、从中建构出哲学。中国哲学作为一个现代学科的诞生,是在传统学问体系衰退后,国人在社会现实和人生观方面急需寻找新的“指导原理”的产物,其终极指向其实是意识形态和精神信仰建设,后者未必能称为哲学。因此,中国哲学合法性危机的根源,不在于中国古代“某学”可否称为哲学,而在于:在将古人的功夫传统、德性实践转化为概念辨析和理论总结的过程中,我们没有找到新的意义之源,尚未建立令人满意的学科范式。

The debates on the legitimacy crisis of Chinese philosophy in recent two decades reflect the paradigm dilemma of reconstructing the intellectual tradition in contemporary China,as well as the spiritual poverty of contemporary Chinese scholars.Some elements of traditional Chinese learnings which are regarded as philosophy,such as Confucianism,are closer to religious doctrines than philosophy in form.So,the defense of the legitimacy of traditional Chinese philosophy in the perspective of "being philosophy" is a problem,yet discussions of "ancient Chinese philosophy" or "Confucian philosophy" in the perspective of "having philosophy" are still reasonable.Chinese philosophy as a modern discipline generated from urgent quest for new guiding principle on social reality and vicw of life after the fading of traditional learnings with the ultimate goal of ideology and faith,while the latter may not be able to be called as philosophy.Therefore,the cause for the legitimacy crisis of Chinese philosophy lies in that we haven’ t find new source for meaning or build satisfying academic paradigm in the process of translating cultivation tradition and virtue practice of ancient people into distinction of concept and theoretical summary.