微流控技术调控炸药结构形态的研究进展

Reviews on the Structure and Morphology Control of Explosives Based on Microfluidic Technology

炸药的综合性能不仅取决于其化学组成,更大程度上取决于其晶体颗粒形态,有时其结构形态还成为关键作用因素。微流控技术因其较高的传质传热效率、精准的参数控制和本质安全性在炸药结构形态调控方面具备很大的优势,成为新的研究关注点。本文就液滴流和连续流在起爆药和猛炸药的粒径、粒径分布、晶体形貌和聚集结构方面的研究状况进行分析与总结,分析得出液滴流所具有的稳定反应环境和弹性滞留时间适合于起爆药的结构形态调控,其具备的良好尺寸均一性和单分散性适合于球形化猛炸药微粒的制备,而连续流的高混合效率则与猛炸药的结晶性质更加契合。结合目前相关研究在后处理方式、理论适用性、微流体操纵手段以及智能化程度方面的不足提出了相应的建议,为微流控技术在炸药领域的进一步发展提供了思路和参考。

The comprehensive performance of explosives depends not only on their chemical components,but also on their structures and morphologies to a greater extent.Microfluidics has become a new research focus owing to its superb mass transfer and heat transfer efficiency,precise parameter control and intrinsic safety.This paper analyzed and summarized the research status of droplet flow and continuous flow in the aspects of particle size,particle size distribution,crystal morphology and aggregate structure of primary and high explosives.The stable reaction environment and flexible residence time of the droplet flow are applicable to the structural control of the primary explosives,and the superior size uniformity and monodispersity of the droplet flow are appropriate for the preparation of spherical explosive particles.The high mixing efficiency of the continuous flow is in line with the crystalline properties of the high explosive.Combined with the deficiencies of current related research in post-processing methods,theoretical applicability,microfluidic manipulation methods and the degree of intelligence,suggestions and ideas for the further development of microfluidic technology in the field of explosives were put forward.