朱熹早年思想转向问题再认识——以朱熹“泉州候批”时间的争论为中心

The Rerecognition of Zhu Xi’s Ideological Turn in His Early Years——Centered on Zhu Xi’s Debate on the Time of“Quanzhou Pending Approval”

尽弃异学、师事李侗是朱熹早年思想的重要转向。以往学界将朱熹离任泉州府同安县主簿前夕“杜鹃夜悟”一事视作转折的端绪,因此,朱熹官满至泉州候离任批书的年月便成为推定“夜悟”发生时间的锁钥。但由于不同记载间的差异,“泉州候批”的时间存在争议。近年披露的上海图书馆藏清宣统元年木活字刻本《婺源韩溪程氏梅山支谱》,其中收录一通朱熹书信佚文,为解决该问题提供了关键线索。通过辨析书信内容,并结合宋代官员考选制度,推定“泉州候批”一事在绍兴二十七年(1157)秋,“杜鹃夜悟”则应发生于绍兴二十七年春。基于此,可以廓清朱熹由泛滥释老转向伊洛正宗的时间轨迹,有助于深化对其早期思想的认识。

Abandoning heterogeneous and becoming a follower of Li Tong was an important intellectual turning point in Zhu Xi’s early years.In the past,scholars regarded“dujuan yewu”,which happened on the eve of Zhu Xi’s departure from Quanzhou Tong’an,as the beginning of his transformation in the field of ideology.The time when Zhu Xi went to Quanzhou for his“pishu(批书)”was the key to the issue.However,due to the differences between different records,it was still under disputing.A lost letter by Zhu Xi to his uncle,which was contained in the stemma of Cheng family living in Meishan,Hanxi,Wuyuan(a wooden movable type inscription in the first year of the Qing Xuantong),now collected in Shanghai Library,provided a key clue to solve this problem.By analyzing the contents of the letters and combining them with the official selection system in Song Dynasty,it is inferred that the event of“waiting for pishu in Quanzhou”happened in the autumn of twenty-seventh year of Shaoxing(1157).Therefore,the“dujuan Yewu”should have occurred in the spring of the twenty-seventh year of Shaoxing.Based on this,it is possible to clarify the time trajectory of Zhu Xi’s transition from Zen and Daoism to Yiluo school,which helps to deepen the understanding of his early thoughts.