增施不同促根剂对皖南烤烟生长和品质的影响

Effects of different root-promoting practices on growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco in southern Anhui

【目的】研究增施不同促根剂对烤烟生长发育和品质的影响,为皖南优质烟叶生产提供依据。【方法】以正常施肥为对照(CK),比较了正常施肥基础上增施黄腐酸钾(TPFA)、γ-聚谷氨酸(TPGA)、熟芝麻(TCSS)、松土促根剂(TRLA)和豆浆灌根(TSRI)条件下烟株生长发育及烟叶产量和质量的差异。【结果】在正常施肥基础上增施5种促根剂,可以促进烟株根系发育,增加烟株干物质积累,而且TPFA和TPGA处理的烟株生长发育较快,叶片大,移栽后95 d全株干物质量较CK分别增加了39.00%和61.22%;TPGA和TSRI处理可有效提高烤烟产量、产值和上等烟比例,其中TSRI处理烤烟的产量和产值较CK分别增加8.85%和12.53%;TPFA、TPGA、TRLA和TSRI处理可改善烤烟上部叶颜色、提高单叶质量,增强叶片拉力和粘附力,显著提高中部叶的钾含量,增加上部叶香气质和香气量。【结论】皖南烟区,在正常施肥基础上增施γ-聚谷氨酸和豆浆灌根均可有效促进烟株根系生长,提高烤烟产量、产值和上等烟比例,增加烟叶钾含量和香气量,改善烟叶品质,具有潜在的推广价值。

【Objective】The effects of different root-promoting practices on growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied to provide basis for the production of high-quality tobacco in southern Anhui.【Method】The differences in growth and development indexes of tobacco plants as well as yield and quality indexes of tobacco leaves were analyzed between the treatments of applying fulvic acid potassium(TPFA),γ-polyglutamic acid(TPGA),cooked sesame(TCSS),soil root promoter(TRLA)and irrigation with soybean milk(TSRI)on the basis of normal fertilization.The normal fertilization(CK)was used as control.【Result】Compared with CK,all root-promoting practices could promote development of tobacco roots and increase accumulation of dry matter.The tobacco plants grew rapidly and had larger leaves in TPFA and TPGA treatments compared with CK,and the dry matter of whole plants at 95 d after transplanting was increased by 39.00%and 61.22%,respectively.The yield,output value and proportion of high-grade leaves were significantly improved in TPFA and TSRI treatments.Compared with CK,the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco treated with TSRI were increased by 8.85%and 12.53%,respectively.The color of upper leaves,average leaf weight,tensile force and adhesion force of leaf were improved,the potassium content of middle leaves was significantly increased,and the aroma quality and aroma quantity of upper leaves were increased in TPFA,TPGA,TRLA and TSRI treatments in comparison with CK.【Conclusion】The application ofγ-polyglutamic acid and irrigation with soybean milk at rosette stage on the basis of normal fertilization could effectively promote the growth of tobacco roots and increase yield,output value,proportion of high-grade leave,potassium content and aroma of tobacco leaves.Thus,these treatments had potential popularization value in southern Anhui.