白蚁对枯木与活树的取食选择研究

Feeding preference of termites on dead wood and living trees

为明确白蚁取食枯木和活树的差异及优势种白蚁对绿化树种的取食选择规律,2010—2020年对成都等16个市(州)城市区域的公园、行道以及住宅小区内枯木和活树白蚁种类进行调查,分析比较白蚁取食活树、枯木的差异,采用DPS数据处理系统对优势种白蚁取食的绿化树种进行聚类分析。结果表明:黑胸散白蚁Reticulitermes chinensis、黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus为取食枯木和活树的优势种类;采自枯木的白蚁标本数量显著高于活树,枯木与活树上白蚁标本采集数量的差异与白蚁种类密切相关。以欧式平方距离4.0作为最佳距离分割点,黑胸散白蚁取食的39种树种可划分为4类,以欧式平方距离1.0作为最佳距离分割点,黑翅土白蚁取食的26种树种可划分为2类,聚类分析结果与实际调查情况一致。由此说明,枯木较活树易被白蚁取食;黑胸散白蚁、黑翅土白蚁尤其喜欢取食的活树为香樟Cinnamomum camphora。

To make clear the difference between termites feeding on dead wood and living trees,and the feeding selection law of dominant termites on afforested trees,termite species from dead wood and living trees were investigated in parks,walkways and residential areas in 16 cities(prefectures)including Chengdu from 2010 to 2020.The differences between termites feeding on living trees and dead wood were compared,and DPS data processing system was used to cluster the afforested trees fed by dominant termites.The result showed that Reticulitermes chinensis and Odontotermes formosanus were the dominant species feeding on living trees and dead wood.The number of termite samples collected from dead wood was significantly higher than that of living trees.The difference in the number of termites collected from dead wood and living trees was closely related to the termite species.Tirty-nine species of afforested tree feeding by R.chinensis were grouped into four groups at grouping point 4.0 of euclidean square distance,and 26 species of afforested tree feeding by O.formosanus were grouped into two groups at grouping point 1.0 of euclidean square distance.The results of cluster analysis were consistent with actual survey.Dead wood was easier to be fed by termites than living trees.The termites R.chinensis and O.formosanus especially prefered to feed on Cinnamomum camphora.