青蒿素及其衍生物在肾病领域中作用机制的研究进展

Research progress on mechanism of artemisinin and its derivatives in field of nephropathy

青蒿治疗疟疾已有1600多年的历史,青蒿素是从黄花蒿Artemisia annua茎叶中提取的含过氧基团的倍半萜内酯,已成为一个全新的天然抗疟药。青蒿素及其衍生物(双氢青蒿素、青蒿琥酯、蒿甲醚)因其确切的抗疟效果走向世界,随之越来越多的潜在药理活性被发掘,如抗菌、杀虫、抗炎、抗癌、免疫调节等活性。近年来随着对青蒿素及其衍生物的研究和探索,发现其能通过调节多种信号通路、抗氧化应激以及调节激素受体和CD4^(+)T细胞亚群分化等途径治疗狼疮性肾炎、免疫球蛋白A(immunoglobulin A,IgA)肾病、糖尿病肾病、膜性肾病、肾纤维化及急性肾损伤,使其成为慢性肾脏病领域极具开发潜力的药物。

Qinghao(Artemisiae Annuae Herba)has a history of treating malaria for more than 1600 years.Artemisinin is a peroxy group-containing sesquiterpene lactone extracted from the stems and leaves of Artemisia annua,and has become a new natural antimalarial drug.Artemisinin and its derivatives(dihydroartemisinin,artesunate,artemether)have gone to the world because of their exact antimalarial effects,and then more and more potential pharmacological activities have been discovered,such as antibacterial,insecticidal,anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,immunomodulatory and other pharmacological activities.In recent years,with the research and exploration of artemisinin and its derivatives,it has been found that artemisinin can treat lupus nephritis,IgA nephropathy,diabetic nephropathy,membranous nephropathy,renal fibrosis and acute kidney injury by regulating multiple signaling pathway,antioxidant stress,hormone receptor and CD4^(+)T cell subsets differentiation,which make them become the drugs with great potential in the field of chronic kidney diseases.