2014-2020年上海市闵行区腹泻病例流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of diarrhea cases in Minhang District of Shanghai from 2014-2020

目的 了解上海市闵行区腹泻病的病原学谱及流行特征,为制定腹泻病的防控策略提供科学依据。方法 在2014-2020年上海市闵行区腹泻病哨点医院报告的病例中,采用系统抽样法采集病例粪便标本进行病原学检测,分析其病原构成及流行特征。结果 在23 148例就诊患者中采集2 073例病例标本,其中检出阳性标本954例,阳性率46.02%。2014-2020年病毒检出阳性率呈现下降趋势,细菌呈现上升趋势。检出病毒阳性最多的为诺如病毒GII型(13.75%),细菌最多的是副溶血性弧菌(6.61%)。不同年龄组别的病毒阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=14.54,P<0.05),细菌和混合感染的阳性率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。病毒在冬季阳性率最高,细菌在夏季阳性率最高,混合感染在冬季阳性率最低,在其他季节阳性率差异不大。结论 上海市闵行区腹泻病由多种病原引起,以病毒性腹泻为主,存在一定的混合感染,应在不同病原体流行前开展针对性防控措施,减少腹泻病发生。

Objective To understand the etiological spectrum and epidemic characteristics of diarrhea in Minhang District of Shanghai from 2014-2020,provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies of diarrhea. Methods The fecal samples were collected from the cases reported by the diarrhea sentinel hospital in Minhang District of Shanghai from 2014-2020by systematic sampling method for etiological detection,and the pathogen composition and epidemic characteristics were analyzed.Results Totally 2 073 samples were collected from 23 148 patients,of which 954 were positive,with the positive rate of 46.02%.From 2014-2020,the positive rate of virus detection showed a downward trend,while bacteria showed an upward trend. Norovirus GII(13.75%) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus(6.61%) were the most positive strains. There was statistically significant difference in the positive rate of virus among different age groups (χ^(2)=14.54,P<0.05),and there were no statistically significant differences in bacterial infection and mixed infection(all P>0.05). The positive rate of virus was the highest in winter,while that of bacteria was the highest in summer and mixed infection was the lowest in winter,and there was little difference in the positive rate in other seasons. Conclusion Diarrhea in Minhang District of Shanghai is caused by a variety of pathogens,mainly viral diarrhea,and there are some mixed infections,so the targeted prevention and control measures should be carried out before the prevalence of different pathogens to reduce the incidence of diarrhea.