父母教养方式、自我价值感对大学生自我伤害行为的影响

Influence of parenting style and sense of self-worth on college students’ self-harm behavior

目的 探讨大学生父母教养方式、自我价值感对自我伤害行为的影响。方法 2019年12月,采用父母教养方式问卷(parental bonding instrument,PBI)、青少年自我伤害问卷、自我价值感量表对青岛大学245名在校生进行调查。结果 在校学生母亲关爱得分城市[(40.72±6.27)分]>农村[(39.05±6.41)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);大四的母亲关爱得分[(35.56±6.99)分]和父亲关爱得分[(31.46±7.33)分]的最低,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。自我价值感得分城市[(63.72±8.76)分]显著大于农村[(61.07±10.35)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。大四自我伤害得分[(5.28±8.56)分]最高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。父母关爱、父母鼓励与自我价值感呈显著正相关(r=0.236~0.451)且与自我伤害行为呈显著负相关(r=-0.335~-0.181);父母控制与自我价值感呈显著负相关(r=-0.238、-0.245);自我价值感与自我伤害行为呈显著负相关(r=-0.540)。父母教养方式对于自我价值存在显著影响(β=0.403,P<0.01),自我价值可以负向预测自我伤害(β=-0.608,P<0.01),父母教养方式对于自我伤害的直接影响不显著。结论 父母关爱、父母鼓励和自我价值感均与自我伤害行为呈显著负相关,自我价值感在父母教养方式与自我伤害行为之间起到完全中介作用。

Objective To explore the influence of parenting style and sense of self-worth on self-harm behavior of college students.Methods In December 2019,the parental bonding instrument(PBI),the adolescent self-harm behavior questionnaire and the sense of self-worth scale were used to investigate 245 students from Qingdao University. Results The mother care score of urban students[(40.72±6.27)points] was higher than that of rural students[(39.05±6.41)points],and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The scores of mother care[(35.56±6.99)points] and father care[(31.46±7.33)points] in senior students were the lowest,and the differences were statistically significant(both P<0.05). The sense of self-worth of urban students[(63.72±8.76)points]was higher than that of rural students[(61.07±10.35)points],and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The score of self-harm[(5.28±8.56)points] in senior students were the highest,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The parental care and parental encouragement were significantly positively correlated with the sense of self-worth( r = 0. 236-0. 451) and significantly negatively correlated with self-harm behavior(r=-0.335--0.181). The parental control was significantly negatively correlated with the sense of self-worth(r=-0.238,-0.245). The sense of self-worth was significantly negatively correlated with self-harm behavior(r=-0.540). The parenting style had significant effect on the sense of self-worth(β=0.403,P<0.01),which could negatively predict self-harm(β=-0.608,P<0.01),and the parenting style had no significant direct effect on self-harm.Conclusion The parental care,parental encouragement and sense of self-worth are all significantly negatively correlated with selfharm behavior,and the sense of self-worth has a complete mediating effect between parenting style and self-harm behavior.