不同类型止血材料在创伤急救中的应用研究进展

Research progress in application of different types of hemostatic materials in trauma first aid

止血材料对于战场和灾难环境中大量失血创伤患者的救治至关重要。针对受伤部位和受伤严重程度不同, 需要使用不同类型的止血材料来紧急止血。目前对于体表伤口、四肢及交界处出血, 急救止血材料已得到很好的应用, 而针对胸腹腔及腔内脏器等出血创口较深且不可压迫性出血情况, 在急救早期处理中仍无理想的止血材料。笔者就现有止血材料的分类和作用机制, 以及在创伤急救中的应用与研究进展进行综述, 为创伤出血急救早期止血材料的应用提供参考。

Hemostatic materials are essential for the treatment of trauma patients with massive blood loss in battlefields and disaster environments.According to the site and severity of trauma,different types of hemostatic materials need to be used to stop bleeding urgently.At present,first-aid hemostatic materials for bleeding on body surface wounds,extremities and junctions have been well applied.However,in the case of deep bleeding wounds in the thoracic and abdominal cavity and internal organs and even non-compressible hemostasis,there are still no ideal hemostatic materials in early emergency treatment.In this review,the authors elaborate the classification and mechanism of hemostatic materials and their application in trauma first aid,so as to provide references for the use of hemostatic materials in first aid.