生物育种对种业科技创新的影响

The influence of biological breeding on the science and technology innovation of seed industry

民以食为天,农以种为先。种子是农业的“芯片”,位于农业产业链的最上游。尽管我国是当之无愧的种业大国,但并非是真正意义上的种业强国。当前,国外种业已进入“生物技术+信息化”的育种4.0时代,而我国仍处在以杂交选育为主的2.0时代。2021年,良种对粮食增产、畜牧业发展的贡献率分别为45%、40%,距发达国家还有一定差距。究其原因,主要是我国种业科技的原始创新、集成创新能力不够,研究内容重复较多、研究力量相对分散,行业条块分割、科研布局分散,从而形成了育种手段相对落后、育种周期长、育种目标存在盲目性、重大突破性种质资源缺乏、品种遗传多样性狭窄的现状。要想打破这种现状,必须从源头抓起,而生物育种技术的合理推进,是强化种业科技创新的关键一环,也是实现种业自立自强的必要抓手。本文结合生物育种的发展路径以及我国现有的生物育种的政策优势、技术优势,对我国如何实现种业科技创新提出意见建议。

Food is the basic of the people,and seed is the basic of the agriculture.Seeds are the“chips”of agriculture and located at the uppermost reaches of the agricultural industry chain.Although our country is a well-deserved country in the seed industry,it is not a real power country in the seed industry.At present,the foreign seed industry has entered the breeding 4.0 era of“biotechnology+informatization”,while our country is still in the 2.0 era of hybrid breeding.In 2021,the contribution rate of improved varieties to the increase of grain production and the development of animal husbandry is 45%and 40%respectively,which shows a certain gap to between us and developed countries.The problems of our country’s seed industry are inadequate scientific and technological innovation capabilities,insufficient original innovation and integrated innovation capabilities,repetitive research content,insufficient depth,industry segmentation,and scattered scientific research layouts,resulting in backward breeding concepts and methods,narrow genetic diversity,long breeding cycle,blind breeding and dependence on experience.To break this status,we must start from the source,and the reasonable advancement of biological breeding is a key part of strengthening the science and technology innovation of the seed industry,and it is also necessary to achieve self-reliance in seed technology.Combining with the existing biological breeding management policies,as well as the development path,policy advantages,and technological advantages of bio-breeding,this paper provides some suggestions on how to achieve technological innovation in the seed industry in China.