同源四倍体不结球白菜‘五月慢’新材料的创制及其特性

The creation and its characteristics of a new material of autotetraploid non-heading Chinese cabbage‘Wuyueman’

[目的]本文旨在创制高产抗病的四倍体不结球白菜‘五月慢’新材料。[方法]利用2 g·L^(-1)秋水仙素溶液处理不结球白菜‘五月慢’二倍体幼苗子叶生长点,通过形态学、细胞学、解剖学、流式细胞仪分析等方法鉴定筛选出同源四倍体植株,并对二、四倍体植株的形态学指标、农艺性状、营养品质、光合特性、抗病能力等方面进行比较分析。[结果]与二倍体相比,四倍体植株开展度降低,叶片的长宽比明显变小,叶型扁圆形,叶柄显著增厚,种子、花器官、种荚等明显增大;叶片气孔变大,气孔密度减小;花粉粒呈现矩形、菱形等不规则形状;细胞染色体数目和DNA荧光强度为二倍体的2倍;可溶性糖、纤维素含量显著性提高,硝态氮、叶绿素含量显著减少,可溶性蛋白、有机酸含量无显著变化;光饱和点、光补偿点、暗呼吸速率分别增加了13.47%、24.02%、12.12%,光合能力更强;相同培养条件下灰霉菌表达量更低,抗病性更强。[结论]获得了具有高产、抗病潜力的同源四倍体不结球白菜‘五月慢’新材料。

[Objectives]The paper aimed to create a new material of autotetraploid non-heading Chinese cabbage‘Wuyueman’with high yield and disease resistance.[Methods]The 2 g·L^(-1) colchicine solution was used to treat the cotyledon growth points of non-heading Chinese cabbage‘Wuyueman’diploid seedlings.The autotetraploid plants were identified by methods of morphological,cytological,anatomical and flow cytometry analysis.Then,the morphological indexes,agronomic traits,nutritional quality,photosynthetic characteristics and disease resistance between diploid and tetraploid plants were compared and analyzed.[Results]Compared with diploid plants,autotetraploid plants had lower plant expansion,lower length-width ratio of leaves.Meanwhile,autotetraploid plants had oblate leaf shape,markedly thickened petiole,enlarged seeds,flowers organs,and pods.Also,the leaf stoma became larger and the stomata density decreased in autotetraploids.Pollen grains of autotetraploids presented irregular shapes such as rectangle and diamond.The number of cell chromosomes and the fluorescence intensity of DNA of autotetraploids were two times that of diploids.The contents of soluble sugar and cellulose in autotetraploids significantly increased,while the contents of nitrate nitrogen and chlorophyll significantly decreased.The contents of soluble protein and organic acid between diploids and autotetraploids were not significantly changed.In autotetraploids,the light saturation point,light compensation point,and dark breathing rate had increased by 13.47%,24.02%and 12.12%respectively,and the photosynthetic capacity was stronger than that in diploids.Under the same conditions,the expression level of Botrytis cinerea was lower,and the disease resistance was stronger in autotetraploids.[Conclusions]A new material of autotetraploid non-heading Chinese cabbage‘Wuyueman’with high yield and disease resistance potential was created.