绿色木霉Tv-1511对黄瓜的促生增产作用及防病效果

Effect of Trichoderma viride Tv-1511 on growth promotion and yield increase of cucumber and disease control

[目的]本文旨在探究木霉对植物病原菌的拮抗作用和对黄瓜的促生增产效果。[方法]从烟草根际筛选出1株木霉菌Tv-1511,采用形态学观察和分子生物学分析对该菌株进行鉴定;通过平板对峙培养,研究了Tv-1511对尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、层生镰刀菌(F.proliferatum)、白绢病菌(Sclerotium rolfsii)、串珠镰孢菌(F.moniliforme)、葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)、灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)的拮抗作用;通过室内发芽试验和盆栽试验,研究不同浓度的Tv-1511孢子液对黄瓜种子萌发活力和幼苗生长的影响;通过田间试验,研究Tv-1511制成的生物有机肥对黄瓜生长和产量的影响。[结果]综合形态学和分子生物学鉴定,确定Tv-1511为绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride);Tv-1511对6种病原真菌有明显的拮抗作用,在对峙培养8 d后抑菌率为59.81%~71.73%,主要通过竞争作用、重寄生作用和抗生作用来有效抑制病原菌的生长;Tv-1511孢子液可以促进黄瓜种子萌发、幼苗生长和生物量增加,促进作用随孢子液浓度的增加呈先升高后下降的趋势,在浓度为10^(5) CFU·mL^(-1)时促进作用最强。由Tv-1511的制备的生物有机肥促生增产效果显著,其中木霉代替30%化肥处理组黄瓜的产量是不施肥(CK)的1.59倍,是常规施肥(CF)的1.20倍,均达到了差异显著水平(P<0.05)。[结论]绿色木霉Tv-1511及其制备的生物有机肥有防病、促生和增产等多方面功能,具有良好的开发应用前景。

[Objectives]This study aimed to clarify the antagonism of Trichoderma on plant pathogens and its effect on growth promotion and yield increase of cucumber.[Methods]We isolated a Trichoderma strain Tv-1511 from the rhizosphere soil of tobacco and conducted morphological and molecular biological identification.The antagonistic activities of Tv-1511 on six pathogenic fungi(including Fusarium oxysporum,F.proliferatum,Sclerotium rolfsii,F.moniliforme,Botryosphaeria dothidea,Botrytis cinerea)were evaluated by dual-culture method.Germination tests and pot experiments were further performed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of Tv-1511 spore liquid on seed germination and seedling growth in cucumber.We evaluated the effect of the application of bio-organic fertilizer,which was made of Tv-1511 strain,on the growth and yield of cucumber.[Results]According to the morphological and molecular biological identification,strain Tv-1511 was identified as Trichoderma viride.Tv-1511 exhibited significant antifungal activity against six pathogenic fungi with inhibitory rates in a range of 59.81%-71.73%after cultivation for 8 d,mainly via the mode of competition,parasitism and antibiosis.Tv-1511 could also stimulate seed germination,seedling growth,and the increase of biomass in cucumber.The stimulating effect exhibited an increase followed by a decrease as the increasing concentration of the spore liquid,with 10^(5) CFU·mL^(-1) showing the maxima.Additionally,the bio-organic fertilizer prepared from the T.viride Tv-1151 significantly enhanced the growth and yield of cucumber.The yields of cucumber treated by bio-organic fertilizer instead of 30%chemical fertilizer were 1.59 and 1.20-fold compared to that of no-fertilizer(CK)and conventional fertilization(CF),respectively,and reached a significant level(P<0.05).[Conclusions]T.viride Tv-1511 and the corresponding bio-organic fertilizer have valuable application prospect with multiple functions such as antibacterial effects,growth and yield promotion.