长白落叶松半同胞家系生长和木材性状遗传变异与联合选择

Genetic Variation and Joint Selection of Growth and Wood Traits in Half-sib Families of Larix olgensis

长白落叶松(Larix olgensis)是我国东北重要的用材树种,根据生长和木材性状对其进行综合选择至关重要。本研究以吉林省延边自治区汪清林业局32年生的49个长白落叶松半同胞家系为材料,对其9个生长性状(树高、地径、胸径、3 m径、材积、尖削度、冠幅、分枝角和通直度)和4个木材性状(木材基本密度、管胞长度、管胞宽度和管胞长宽比)进行测定与分析。结果表明:不同变异来源间所有性状差异均达极显著水平(P<0.01);各性状家系遗传力均较高(0.51~0.96);表型变异系数为3.04%(分枝角)~23.15%(冠幅);各性状相关系数为-0.367(管胞宽度与管胞长宽比)~0.994(胸径与材积);主成分分析结果表明,4个主成分的累计贡献率达到78.46%,包含了家系生长性状和木材性状的大部分信息;分别以生长和木材性状对家系进行综合评价,初步筛选出5个生长性状优良家系(S78、S81、S80、S84和S83)和5个木材性状优良家系(S37、S51、S6、S30和S19),结合生长和木材性状初步筛选出5个优良家系(S89、S74、S76、S82和S83)。本研究初选的材料可以为良种选育提供基础,亲本可以为改良种子园营建提供材料。

As the important timber tree in Northeast China,comprehensive selection based on growth traitsand wood traits was essential for Larix olgensis.A total of 49 half-sib families of L.olgensis at 32-year-old fromWangqing Forestry Bureau,in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Region of Jilin Province was selected as materials.Nine growth traits(tree height,ground diameter,diameter of breast height,diameter of stem at 3 m height,volume,taperingness,crown width,branch angle and stem straightness degree)and four wood traits(wooddensity,tracheid length,tracheid width and tracheid length-width ratio)were measured and analyzedrespectively.The difference of all traits among different sources of variation reached extremely significant levels(P<0.01).The heritability of all traits was high(0.51-0.96).The range of phenotypic variation coefficient was 3.04%(branch angle)-23.15%(crown width).The correlation coefficient ranged from-0.367(tracheid width and tracheid length-width ratio)to 0.994(diameter of breast height and volume).Principal component analysisshowed that the cumulative contribution rate of the four principal components reached 78.46%,which includedmost of the information about the growth traits and wood traits of the pedigree.The pedigrees were evaluated bygrowth and wood traits,respectively.Five elite pedigrees with good growth(S78,S81,S80,S84 and S83),fiveelite pedigrees with good wood quality(S37,S51,S6,S30 and S19),and five elite pedigrees combined withgrowth and wood traits(S89,S74,S76,S82 and S83)were selected respectively.The selected materials couldprovide the basis for breeding superior varieties and improving seed orchards construction.