对城市形态永恒品质的追求——旧金山基于1971年城市设计和城市格局理念的高层建筑形态控制

Pursuit of Eternal Quality of Urban Form: Form Control of High-rise Buildings in San Francisco Based on Urban Design Plan 1971

1971年旧金山城市设计规划因首次较完整地纳入城市总体规划,而被誉为第一部现代城市设计。50年来,旧金山通过将城市设计理念全面渗透到城市规划管理的每个时期和不同层面,延续了对旧金山城市“永恒品质”的不懈追求。该文从城市高层建筑控制视角,梳理了从1971年旧金山设计规划的产生背景和主要内容到随后衍生的1984年旧金山中心区规划,再到2005年—2012年林孔山和交通中心局部地段规划,提取三次主要规划中的高度控制内容,构成旧金山城市设计中高层建筑较完整的规划控制历程。据此讨论了旧金山高层建筑控制在延续城市文化特色,保持具有“永恒品质”的“城市整体格局”方面的经验,认为旧金山在两轮城市空间形态塑造过程中,辩证考虑静态格局和动态发展;高层建筑控制等城市设计技术同规划编制、区划控制等环节的协调融合;以及多元并存的高层建筑风格、对制高点的强调等策略,具有较高的启示性。

San Francisco urban design is regarded as the first modern urban design because it was integrated into the urban master plan in 1972.In the past 50 years,San Francisco has continued its unremitting pursuit of"eternal quality"of San Francisco City by integrating urban design concepts and policies into every stage and different levels of urban planning and management.From the perspective of urban highrise building control,we comb the background and main content of San Francisco planning in 1971,the following central area planning in 1984,and the height control content of three major planning of Linkong mountain and traffic center in 2005-2012,forming the control process of high-rise building in old Jinshan urban design.Based on this,we discuss the experience of San Francisco high-rise building control in continuing the urban cultural characteristics and maintaining the"urban overall pattern"with"eternal value",as well as the coordination of high-rise building planning with planning,zoning control and other aspects.