居住模式对老年人心理健康及膳食营养状况的影响

EFFECTS OF LIVING PATTERNS ON MENTAL HEALTH AND DIETARY NUTRITION OF THE ELDERLY

目的 调查上海市社区老年人的居住模式及膳食摄入情况,研究居住模式对老年人心理健康及膳食营养状况的影响。方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法,抽取上海市共1278位60岁及以上老年人,应用中国成年人情绪性量表及老年抑郁量表简版(GDS-15)进行心理健康调查,采用简易食物频率问卷(FFQ)进行膳食营养调查,了解老年人营养状况及膳食摄入情况,应用老年人膳食平衡指数(E-DBI-16)对老年人的膳食营养状况进行评价。最后通过Logistic回归分析居住模式对老年人心理健康及膳食营养状况的影响,应用Process模型分析中介作用。结果“不与子女居住”的老年人发生抑郁症的风险更高、更不幸福、自我满意度更低;“不与子女居住”的老年人膳食中的食用油、酒精及谷类等食物摄入过量程度会越大,杂粮、薯类、蔬菜、水果、牛奶、大豆及坚果等食物摄入不足状况越高。膳食质量、心理健康因素、食物多样性在老年人居住模式中的中介作用显著。结论 与子女居住有利于改善老年人的心理健康及膳食营养状况,有利于针对性给与营养干预和心理指导。[营养学报,2022,44(1):25-29]

Objective To investigate the living patterns and dietary intake of the elderly in Shanghai community, and to study the effects of living patterns on the mental health and dietary nutrition of the elderly. Methods Using stratified random sampling method, 1278 men and women aged 60 and above were selected from Shanghai, and mental health survey was carried out by using emotionality scale for Chinese adults and 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS-15). Simple food frequency questionnaire(FFQ) was used to investigate the nutritional status and dietary intake of the elderly, and dietary balance index for elderly(E-DBI-16) was used to evaluate the dietary nutrition status of the elderly. Finally, the effects of living patterns on mental health and dietary nutrition of the elderly were analyzed by Logistic regression, and process model was used to analyse the mediating effects. Results Elderly people who did not live with their children were at higher risk of depression, less happiness and less self-satisfied. Elderly people who did not live with their children were more likely to eat excessive amounts of food, such as cooking oil, alcohol and cereals, and less amounts of cereals, potatoes, vegetables, fruits,milk, soybeans and nuts. Conclusion Living patterns have significant effects on mental health, dietary quality and dietary diversity of the elderly. Living with children is helpful to improve the mental health and dietary nutrition of the elderly, and to give nutritional intervention and psychological guidance. [ACTA NUTRIMENTA SINICA, 2022, 44(1):25-29]