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公共知识下的秘闻传说生产——以三国传说为例

The Production of Anecdotal Legends under Common Knowledge:Taking the Legends of the Three Kingdoms as Examples
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摘要 传说的讲述需诉诸先在认知,由此形成传说区别于狭义故事的信实性、附着性等特征。民间流传的三国传说,不少都将“人们都知道”的公共知识设定为先在认知,讲述其中“少为人知”的秘闻。传说主要通过以下四种方式生产秘闻。强化,体现传说对公共知识的认可,以叙事强化主流说法。打补丁,虽体现秘闻传说对公共知识抱有疑问的态度,但仍维护其权威,以叙事填补其中漏洞。翻案,体现传说对公共知识的叛逆、与之相争的愿望,以叙事反驳强势说法。附会,常反映边缘和地方性知识与公共知识建立联系并提升权威性的欲求。以上方式,对应传说与公共知识相互周旋的多种姿态—迎合、偏离、反叛、利用,且体现传说作为权力话语的面相。秘闻传说以讲故事的方式进行知识生产,其中对公共知识消化、重构的过程,都在丰富人类整体的知识。 The narration of legends presupposes prior knowledge,which leads to features that differ legends from stories,such as credibility and relatability.Among the legends of the Three Kingdoms,many tell secret anecdotes that are less known",setting knowledge that"everyone knows"as a premise.Legends produce anecdotes in the following ways:①Reinforcement.Mainstream ideas are strengthened by legends that approve common knowledge;②Patching.Although they express doubts about some public knowledge,these legends fill the loopholes in the latter with narratives to maintain its authority;③Overturning.Legends use narratives to refute the prevailing opinions,which reflects a desire to rebel against the common knowledge and to compete with it;④Overstretching.This reflects the intention of marginal and local knowledge to be related to the common knowledge and therefore,establish its authority.These four correspond to various approaches legends take towards public knowledge:agreeing,deviating,rebelling,and utilizing.Anecdotal legends generate knowledge by telling stories.The process of digesting and reconstructing common knowledge leads to the growth of human knowledge.
作者 肖羽彤 Xiao Yutong
出处 《艺术与民俗》 2022年第1期60-67,97,共9页 Journal of Arts and Folklore
关键词 三国传说 秘闻 公共知识 知识生产 箭垛式人物 Legends of the Three Kingdoms Anecdote Common Knowledge Knowledge Generation Catchall(jianduo)Characters
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