无机纳米材料填充混合基质反渗透膜的研究进展

Research progress of mixed matrix reverse osmosis membrane filled with inorganic nanomaterials

反渗透是一种以渗透压为推动力,从溶液中分离出溶剂的操作,以能耗低、成本低和环境友好等优势成为了脱盐领域的主流技术,主导着全球海水/苦咸水淡化市场。作为反渗透的核心,反渗透膜仍然存在着水通量、截盐率难以满足日益提升的需求和耐久性不足的问题。以无机纳米材料为基础的混合基质反渗透膜的发展为解决这一难题注入了新的活力,已有较多研究报道。本文综述了现阶段无机纳米填充混合基质反渗透膜的研究进展,重点围绕零维、一维、二维无机纳米、多维纳米复合填充混合基质反渗透膜研究现状与进展、问题与挑战展开讨论。最后,对无机纳米材料填充混合基质反渗透膜的未来研究方向进行了分析与展望。

Reverse osmosis is an operation that uses osmotic pressure as the driving force to separate solvent from solution.It has become the mainstream technology in the field of desalination due to its advantages of low energy consumption,low cost and environmental friendliness,leading the global seawater/brackish water desalination market.As the core of reverse osmosis technology,reverse osmosis membranes still have some problems of water flux,salt rejection and insufficient durability to meet the increasing demand.The development of mixed matrix reverse osmosis membranes based on inorganic nanomaterial has injected new vitality into solving this problem,and there have been many research reports.This paper reviewed the current research progress of inorganic nanohybrid matrix reverse osmosis membrane,focusing on the research status and progress,problems and challenges of zerodimensional,one-dimensional and two-dimensional inorganic nanohybrid matrix and inorganic nanocomposite hybrid matrix reverse osmosis membranes.Finally,the future research directions of mixed matrix reverse osmosis membrane filled with inorganic nanomaterials were also analyzed and prospected.