纺织复合材料纤维预制体力学性能测试方法研究进展

Research progress in testing methods of mechanical properties of textile composite fiber preforms

纺织复合材料具有质量轻、强度高,可设计性强等诸多优势,在航空航天领域得到广泛应用。纺织预制体的纤维结构对复合材料的最终力学性能有着决定性影响。然而,预制体的纤维结构在织造过程中不可避免地会发生宏观尺寸和微细观结构的变形,甚至产生褶皱缺陷。纺织预制体作为一种柔性骨架,其变形机制十分复杂。采用试验测试来表征预制体的力学变形特性是最直接、最有效的方法,也是建立理论和数值分析模型的基础。本文对纺织复合材料预制体的拉伸、压缩、弯曲、剪切和成型试验等测试方法进行了综述,讨论了不同测试方法的优缺点及适用条件,对后续的研究工作进行了展望。本研究将为预制体力学测试技术的改进、测试标准的建立和成型过程中的准确控形提供理论指导,对纺织复合材料的结构设计和工程应用起到推动作用。

Textile composites are widely used in aerospace field because of its advantages of light weight,high strength and strong designability.The fiber structure of textile preform determines the final mechanical properties of composites.However,the fiber structure of preform inevitably undergoes macro-scale and micro-structure de-formation during the weaving process,and even wrinkle defects.The preform is a flexible skeleton,and its deforma-tion mechanism is very complicated.Test is the most direct method to characterize the mechanical properties of preform,and it is also the basis of establishing theoretical and numerical analysis model.In this paper,the basic test methods of textile composite preform,such as tensile test,compression test,bending test,shear test and form-ing test,are reviewed.The advantages,disadvantages and applicable conditions of different test methods are dis-cussed,and the future research work is prospected.The work in this paper will provide theoretical guidance for the improvement of preform mechanics testing technology,the establishment of testing standards and the accurate control of shape during the forming process.It will promote the structural design and engineering application of textile composites.