感觉结构与传播唯物主义:雷蒙德·威廉斯的传播观及其方法论意义

Structure of Feeling and Communicative Materialism:Raymond Williams’s Idea of Communication and Its Methodological Significance

雷蒙德·威廉斯的感觉结构是其文化唯物主义理论中最具原创性的概念,他把握了文化实践中结构和行动、社会与个体、经济与文化的张力,从而与其传播观形成了一种对应关系。威廉斯的唯物主义传播观在强调人类传播实践的物质性的同时,也凸显出传播在形成新的感觉结构以及勾连个人与社会从而形成有机共同体文化方面所发挥的关键作用。对传播研究而言,要真正把握特定文化实践的感觉结构,必须打破文本主导的和实践主导的两种方法范式的分离状态,把结构分析和主观体验分析结合起来,从而走向一种真正意义上的综合性的传播研究范式。

Raymond Williams’ s structure of feeling is the most original concept in his theory of cultural materialism. With this concept,he grasps the tension between structure and action,the society and the individual,and economy and culture,thus forming a correspondence with his idea of communication. While emphasizing the materiality of human communication practices,Williams’ s materialist view of communication also highlights the crucial role that communication plays in forming new structures of feeling and in linking individuals and society to form the culture of organic communities. For communication research,to truly grasp the structure of feeling in specific cultural practices,it is necessary to break the separation between text-driven and practice-driven methodological paradigms,and to combine structural analysis and subjective empirical analysis,thus moving toward a truly comprehensive communication research paradigm.