论中国非物质文化遗产的民族特性及其传承机制——从民俗·艺术·规约三维度立论

Study on the Ethinic Characteristics and Inheritance Mechanism of China’s Intangible Cultural Heritage——From the Perspective of Three Dimensions of Folklore,Art and Convention

非物质文化遗产是一个带有特定地域惯习的文化印记。形态各异的非物质文化遗产虽有不同的地域所属、民族所依,但作为各地区民族精神特质与心理结构的承载体,它们都兼具特定地域的民俗性、民间审美的艺术性与道德信仰的规约性。民俗性指向非遗的特定地域归属,艺术性规定了非遗的外现表达形式与特定地域的民族审美,规约性折射出特定地域民族浓郁的乡土文明。站在“文化复兴铸魂民族复兴”的历史高点,应推进各地“文化记忆”整理及数字化工程,强化地域民俗挖掘与保护;建构“非遗传承人”抢救性记录机制与非遗再生机制,推动非遗“文化力”向“市场力”的转变;建立传统村落归档机制,守护乡土规约、留住乡土文明。

Intangible cultural heritage( ICH) is a cultural mark with specific regional habits. Although the ICHs in different forms have different regional and ethnic affiliations,as the carriers of ethnic spiritual characteristics and psychological structure in various regions,they all have the folk custom of specific regions,the artistry of folk aesthetics and the conventionality of moral belief. The folk custom refers to the specific regional ownership of ICH,the artistry defines the external expression form of the ICH and the ethinc aesthetics of specific regions,and the conventionality reflects the strong local civilization of specific regions. Standing at the historical high point of“cultural rejuvenation building the soul of ethinic rejuvenation”,what we should do are as follows: promoting the sorting and digitization of local“cultural memory”and strengthening the excavation and protection of regional folk customs;constructing the salvage recording mechanism of ICH inheritors and the regeneration mechanism of ICHs so as to promote the transformation from “cultural power”to “market power”of the ICH;setting up the filing mechanism of traditional villages,protecting the local conventions and retaining the local civilization.