功能性多肽纳米材料在生物医学诊断领域的应用

Application of functional peptides for biomedical diagnosis

背景:作为一类具有优良生物相容性和生物降解性的生物材料,功能性多肽正在成为生物医药领域的研究热点。目的:对功能性多肽的纳米材料在生物医学诊断领域的目前发展及未来前景进行综述。方法:以“peptides,self-assembly force,medicine imaging,biomaterials,medical diagnosis”为英文检索词,以“多肽、自组装作用力、医学成像、生物材料、医学诊断”为中文检索词,运用计算机在维普、万方、中国知网、Web of Science及PubMed数据库检索有关于功能性多肽医学诊断的相关文献,检索时间为2000-2020年,并进行系统的归纳、总结和分析。结果与结论:①功能性多肽构建自组装结构的键合作用力包括范德华力、疏水作用和静电作用等,以及生物识别作用;②功能性多肽的纳米材料在生物医学诊断领域的应用包括光学成像、光声成像、核磁共振成像和CT和核素成像等方面;③功能性多肽在体内特异性靶向肿瘤部位,进行肿瘤成像和治疗,其靶向性好、特异性高、与受体结合亲和力强;④通过温度、光等触发功能性多肽在原位激活聚集,完成特定部位的影像学多功能诊断,成像效果好,无毒副反应,且体内代谢快;⑤将功能性多肽的纳米材料标记,使其在体内增强检测信号,对微小变化进行监控,以便用于疾病诊断和预防治疗;⑥上述结果证实,功能性多肽的纳米材料在肿瘤检测和治疗、特定部位成像和增强检测信号等生物医学诊断方面有非常广泛的应用前景。

BACKGROUND:As a class of biomaterials with excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability,functional peptides are becoming a research hotspot in the field of biomedicine.OBJECTIVE:To review the current development and future prospects of functional peptides in the field of biomedical diagnosis.METHODS:Search words were“peptides,self-assembly force,medicine imaging,biomaterials,medical diagnosis”in English and Chinese.Computer was used to retrieve relevant articles on self-assembled peptide medical diagnosis in VIP,Wanfang,CNKI,Web of Science,and PubMed databases from 2000 to 2020,and systematic induction,summary and analysis were conducted.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The bonding forces for constructing self-assembled structures include van der Waals forces,hydrophobic interactions,electrostatic interactions,as well as the biological recognition of peptides.(2)The application of functional peptides in the field of biomedical diagnosis includes optical imaging,photoacoustic imaging,magnetic resonance imaging,computer tomography,and radionuclide imaging.(3)Functional peptides specifically target tumor sites in vivo for tumor imaging and treatment,with good targeting,high specificity,and strong binding affinity to receptors.(4)The functional peptides can be activated in situ by temperature and light to activate aggregation,complete multifunctional diagnosis of specific parts,good imaging effect,no toxic side effects,and fast metabolism in the body.(5)Functional peptides are labeled to enhance the detection signal in the body,monitor small changes,and perform disease diagnosis and preventive treatment.(6)It can be found that functional peptides have very broad application prospects in biomedical diagnosis,such as tumor detection and treatment,imaging of specific parts,and enhancement of detection signals.