北京松山国家级自然保护区野生兰科植物多样性及其生存状况研究

Study on Biodiversity and Living Status of Orchids in Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve

通过开展兰科植物的调查和研究,对探讨区域生物的多样性、评价植物种群的生存状况和质量提出适当的保护管理措施,具有重要的指导意义。调查研究了松山保护区兰科植物的种类、数量、分布、生长状况以及群落特征,探讨了兰科植物多样性与生境特征,研究结果表明,1)松山保护区野生兰科植物共有15属22种,包括濒危种4种、易危种2种,以地生兰为主(17种,77.3%),其次是腐生兰5种(22.7%),成为北京市野生兰科植物种类最多的区域,具有极高的保护价值;2)兰科植物垂直分布格局呈现一定的规律性,主要集中在海拔700~1300 m,其次是海拔1300~1800 m和1800 m以上,海拔700 m以下分布较少,也有一些种类分布海拔跨度比较大,从海拔800~2200 m均有分布;3)兰科植物生境复杂多样,主要分布在杂木阔叶林、疏林与灌木丛以及高山草甸或疏林三类人为活动稀少、环境好的小生境中。

The field survey and study of orchids are of importance in assessing the status of local biodiversity and orchid species as well as developing strategies for nature conservation and management.To command orchid diversity and habitat characteristics,we conducted a study and analysis of orchid species,numbers,distribution pattern,living status,and community features in Songshan National Nature Reserve,Beijing.There were 22 species,belonging to 15 genera of Orchidaceae in all.The area contains 4 endangered species and 2 vulnerable species were recorded in the Threatened Species List of China’s Higher Plants.For life forms,terrestrial orchids were dominant with 17 species(77.3%),and the remaining 5 orchids(22.7%)were saprophytic.The reserve has the wildest orchid species in Beijing and has high conservation value.Most orchid species were found at 700~1300 meters above sea level,and then it was at 1300~1800 meters and over 1800 meters above sea level.Orchid habitat was various.The orchids were mainly distributed in a mixed broad-leaved forest,open forest and thicket,and alpine meadow,where there were better habitats and less human disturbance.