古希腊城邦疆域及其权力秩序

Territory and Order of Ancient Greek Poleis

疆域是古希腊城邦组织的基本要素。古希腊城邦疆域一般由城区和乡村构成,不同城邦疆域的构成及居民分布差异较大。城邦疆域的边界不易确认和划定,存在自然山川、人为建筑以及悬置的边境地区等复杂形态。疆域不仅体现城邦的空间秩序,还反映了城邦的权力秩序。在城邦内部,公民权与土地所有权绑定在一起,疆域变动与城邦内部权力秩序密切相关。斯巴达和雅典两大城邦,除固定的本土疆域外,均拥有受各自权力支配的“城外疆域”,这是它们在古风和古典时期主导希腊城邦秩序的重要基础。

Territory was the basic element of ancient Greek poleis.The Greek poleis usually consisted of urban and rural areas,and the composition and distribution of territory and inhabitants varied greatly from polis to polis.It is difficult to identify and delineate the boundaries of poleis,as they were often demarcated by mountains,rivers,buildings.There were also suspended border areas according to some judicial arbitration texts.The territory reflects not only the spatial organization but also the political order of the poleis.As citizenship was bound to the ownership of land,the territorial changes were closely related to the political order within the polis.The two major poleis of ancient Greece,Sparta and Athens,in addition to their fixed native territorial boundaries,both had extrastate or oversea territories subject to their respective powers,which were the important basis for their domination of the Greek world in the Archaic and Classical periods.