3655例过敏性皮肤病患儿血清过敏原测定及分析

Determination and analysis of serum allergen in 3655 children with allergic dermatosis

目的探讨儿童过敏性皮肤病过敏原的分布及特征,为临床诊治提供依据。方法使用酶联免疫捕获法对3655例过敏性皮肤病患儿的血清进行特异性过敏原IgE抗体检测并分析。结果3655例患儿过敏原总阳性率为65.91%,常见的过敏原是鸡蛋(41.59%)、牛奶(34.12%)、小麦面粉(19.73%)、粉尘螨(9.33%)、交链孢霉(8.04%)、屋尘螨(7.91%)。不同皮肤病过敏原阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=19.72,P<0.01),均是以食入性过敏原为主;不同年龄组间过敏原阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=303.90,P<0.01),不同年龄组间不同组合过敏原的阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);3种过敏性皮肤病的特异性IgE抗体浓度主要为2级和1级。结论儿童过敏性皮肤病的过敏原主要是鸡蛋、牛奶、小麦面粉、粉尘螨、交链孢霉、屋尘螨,不同类型过敏性皮肤病及不同年龄的过敏原不同,临床应采取个体化治疗。

Objective To investigate the distribution and characteristics of allergens in children with allergic dermatosis,and to provide basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods The serum specific allergen IgE antibody of 3655 children with allergic skin diseases were detected and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The total positive rate of allergens in the 3655 children was 65.91%,the common allergens were egg(41.59%),milk(34.12%),wheat flour(19.73%),dust mite(9.33%),alternaria(8.04%)and house dust mite(7.91%).There was statistical significance on the difference in the positive rate of allergens in different skin diseases(χ^(2)=19.72,P<0.01),mainly food allergens.There was statistical significance on the difference in allergen positive rate between different age groups(χ^(2)=303.90,P<0.01),there was statistical significance on the differences in the positive rates of allergens in different combinations among different age groups(P<0.05),and the specific IgE antibody concentrations of the three allergic skin diseases were mainly grade 2 and grade 1.Conclusion The allergens of allergic skin diseases in children are mainly egg,milk,wheat flour,dust mite,alternaria,and house dust mite.The allergens of different types of allergic skin diseases and different ages are different.Individualized treatment should be taken in clinic.