晋中市2018年——2020年农村生活饮用水水质不合格指标卫生学分析

Hygienic analysis of unqualified indicators of rural drinking water quality in Jinzhong City from 2018 to 2020

目的统计2018年—2020年农村生活饮用水水质监测数据,系统分析本市农村生活饮用水水质不合格指标,为加强农村生活饮用水水质安全管理提供依据和技术支持。方法按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750—2006)进行2388份水样采集、保存和检测,检测结果按照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)对检测结果进行判定、分析。结果2018年—2020年共检测农村饮用水2388份,总合格率为66.16%,水质合格率逐年升高,2018年、2019年丰水期水质合格率均低于枯水期(P<0.05)。不合格指标共计1127项次,指标总体超标率为47.19%。主要超标指标为硫酸盐(4.77%)、总硬度(2.22%)、氟化物(2.68%)、硝酸盐氮(1.09%)、砷(0.80%)、铬(六价)(0.75%)、氨氮(0.92%)。不合格水样主要分布在介休(3.70%)、平遥(3.34%)、昔阳(2.45%)、榆次(2.45%)。结论本市农村饮用水水质合格率较低,需完善监督管理机制,加强水源保护,强化农改水工程后续维护,确保饮水安全。

Objective To collect the monitoring data of rural drinking water quality from 2018 to 2020,systematically analyze the unqualified indicators of rural drinking water quality in Jinzhong City,and provide basis and technical support for strengthening the safety management of rural drinking water quality.Methods According to the Standard Test Methods for Drinking Water(GB/T 5750—2006),2388 water samples were collected,stored and tested.The test results were determined in accordance with theSanitary Standards for Drinking Water(GB 5749—2006).Results From 2018 to 2020,a total of 2388drinking water samples were tested in rural areas.The total water quality qualification rate was 66.16%,and the water quality qualification rate increased year by year.The qualification rate of water quality during the high-water period in 2018 and 2019the total qualification rate was lower than the low-water period(P<0.05).There were 1127 unqualified indicators,and the overall indicator exceeding rate was 47.19%.The main over-standard indicators are sulfate(4.77%),total hardness(2.22%),fluoride(2.68%),nitrate nitrogen(1.09%),arsenic(0.80%),chromium(hexavalent)(0.75%),ammonia nitrogen(0.92%).The unqualified water samples were mainly distributed in Jiexiu(3.70%),Pingyao(3.34%),Xiyang(2.45%),and Yuci(2.45%).Conclusion The qualified rate of drinking water quality in the rural areas of Jinzhong City is low.It is necessary to improve the supervision and management mechanism,strengthen the protection of water sources,continue to implement the agricultural water reform project,and ensure the safety of drinking water.