从“关系情境主义”到马克思主义道德学说的“语境主义”——人工智能伦理范式基础的转换

From“Relational Situationism”to“Contextualism”of Marxist Moral Theory:The Turn of Paradigm Foundation of Artificial Intelligence Ethics

人工智能伦理研究最根本的目的是增进人类的繁荣福祉,但是,学界存在着不同的理论主张:“人工智能体中心论”主张应当使人工智能体符合人类伦理规范,有必要对它们进行伦理设计、监管;“关系情境主义”主张人是人工智能伦理的中心而非智能体,人工智能伦理应当是关于“人类善的伦理”;马克思主义道德学说的“语境主义”则从唯物史观的高度将生产力、道德、人的自由联系起来,从而从新的高度奠定了人工智能伦理范式基础。

Artificial intelligence(AI)ethics serves for the prosperity and well-being of human beings.However,there are different theoretical propositions:“Theory of agent center”maintains that agents should conform to human ethical norms,and it is necessary to conduct ethical design and supervision on them;“Relational situationism”holds that human beings are the center of AI ethics,not agents,and AI ethics should be for human good.“Contextualism”of Marxist moral theory links productive forces,morality and human’s freedom together from the height historical materialism and thus lays the foundation of the ethical paradigm of AI from a new height.