论私密信息隐私权保护优先规则的困局与破解--以《民法典》第1034条第3款为中心

On the dilemma and solution of the priority rule of the right of privacy protection of private information

在私密信息的侵权责任构成上,隐私权保护规则适用的是过错责任,个人信息保护规则适用的是过错推定责任,《民法典》第1034条第3款确立的私密信息隐私权保护优先规则导致两种保护规则在侵权责任构成的过错要件上存在冲突。由于限缩适用《民法典》第1034条第3款前半句或《个人信息保护法》适用范围均难以彻底化解这种冲突,不妨考虑隐私权保护规则优先性的缓和化方案:隐私权保护规则下私密信息的侵权责任构成,应降低信息主体对过错要件的证明标准,这可通过事实推定规则确定侵权事实及个人信息处理者在此基础上是否违反成文法义务来实现。

In terms of the tort liability of private information,privacy protection rules apply fault liability,while personal information protection rules apply the presumptive liability.The rule of prioritizing the protection of privacy established in Article 1034,Paragraph 3 of the Civil Code leads to the conflict between the two protection rules on the elements of fault in tort.Since it is difficult to reconcile this conflict completely by limiting the application of the first half of Article 1034,Paragraph 3 of the Civil Code,or the Personal Information Protection Law,it is advisable to consider a moderate solution under the priority of privacy protection rules:regarding the establishment of tort liability of private information under privacy protection rules,the standard of proof of fault of the information subject should be lowered,which can be achieved through the presumption of fact to determine the facts of infringement and whether the personal information processor has violated the statutory obligations on this basis.