非人类DNA鉴定的适法性操作

Legal operation of non-human DNA identification

微量DNA技术的普及和收集成本的降低,为建立高通量、高效率的非人类DNA数据库奠定了基础,为获取大量非人类DNA证据提供了前提条件。几乎无处不在的非人类DNA证据在法庭科学领域的证据价值不可估量。但由于数据库相对共享公开的运作模式及实务界对DNA证据的盲目信赖,也衍生出准入转化机制缺位、证据审查浮于形式等问题,因此本文在展望非人类DNA证据在法庭科学领域的证据价值的同时,也为“如何确定非人类DNA具有作为正式证据适用的正当性及合法性”提出了审查采信范式,以期为非人类DNA证据的应用实践保驾护航。

The popularization of trace DNA technology and the reduction of collection costs have laid the foundation for the establishment of high-throughput and efficient non-human DNA databases and have provided prerequisites for obtaining a large amount of non-human DNA evidence.The almost ubiquitous non-human DNA evidence is invaluable in the field of court science.However,due to the relatively shared and open operation mode of the database and the excessive trust of the practical community in DNA evidence,problems such as absence of the access and conversion mechanisms and ineffectiveness of evidence review have also been raised.Therefore,besides looking forward to the evidentiary value of non-human DNA in the field of court science,this paper puts forward a review and admission paradigm for determining the legitimacy and legality of non-human DNA as formal evidences",with a view to promoting the application of non-human DNA evidence.