防暴动能弹冲击损伤谱与损伤机制研究进展

Research on impact injury spectrum and injury mechanism of anti-riot kinetic energy projectiles

防暴动能弹自诞生伊始就频繁引发过度伤害事件,为提高其安全服役水平,针对主流的橡皮弹和布袋弹构建了冲击损伤谱,厘清了两种弹丸在人体各部位可能导致的损伤类型,分析了损伤谱的应用领域;根据弹丸冲击所致胸廓偏转率的不同,将钝性弹道冲击损伤机制分为挤压和剪切响应机制、粘性响应机制和爆炸响应机制三种类型,分别对应于组织和器官的弹性阻力响应、压力波传播与反射,以及冲击波效应三种响应特性;从安全设计、射击操作、抵近射击和损伤救治四个方面分别提出了均质橡皮弹、布袋弹和复合型动能弹的安全性能提升建议,可为不同类型防暴动能弹的实战应用提供安全指导。

Anti-riot kinetic energy projectiles have frequently caused excessive injury incidents since their birth. In order to improve their safe service level, an impact injury spectrum was constructed for mainstream rubber projectiles and beanbag projectiles respectively, and the types of injury that the two projectiles may cause in various parts of the human body were clarified, then analyzed the application areas of injury spectrum;The difference in thoracic defiection rate caused by projectile impact can be divided into three types: squeeze and shear response mechanism, viscous response mechanism, and explosion response mechanism, which respectively correspond to three response characteristics: elastic resistance response, pressure wave propagation and refiection, and shock wave effect;the suggestions for improving safety performance of homogeneous rubber projectiles, bean-bag projectiles and composite kinetic energy projectiles are proposed from the four aspects of safety design,shooting operation, emergency shooting and injury treatment. The specifications can provide safety guidance for the actual combat application of different types of anti-riot kinetic energy projectiles.