发展高风险高回报研究的科技政策机制

Developing Science and Technology Policies for High Risk-High Reward Research

高风险高回报(HRHR)研究是指科学研究问题的挑战性或失败风险很高但其成功后的突破性、变革性和原创性鲜明的科学研究类型,其体现科技原始创新能力,致力于产出重大科学发现和技术突破成果,有利于加快提升国家科技创新核心竞争力,这方面的理论与方法研究有助于完善科技政策。深入洞明国际上该类研究的发展背景、概念内涵及特征,探讨构建“决策-资助-执行”三位一体的HRHR研究管理体系,并以国际典型科研机构的HRHR研究项目为例,系统分析、比较与归纳改进的同行评议、项目经理制和去评审化等代表性学术评议机制的基本原理、评审流程及优缺点等,可以为完善国家科研管理政策提供依据。借鉴国外HRHR研究项目资助的有益经验提出建议:制定促进HRHR研究的科技管理政策;完善遴选HRHR研究的项目评议机制;营造激励HRHR研究的卓越学术生态。

High Risk-High Reward(HRHR)research refers to scientific research with high risk of failure but characterized by breakthrough,innovation and originality.It truly reflects the original innovation ability of science and technology,is committed to bringing major scientific discoveries and technological breakthroughs,and is conducive to accelerating the improvement of national competitiveness in original science and technology.The theoretical and methodological research in this area will help improve science and technology policies.On the basis of clarifying its development background,conceptual connotation and characteristics,this paper discusses the construction of a“decision-funding-implementation”model of HRHR research and management system.By taking the HRHR projects of typical international scientific research institutions as case studies,it systematically analyzes,compares and summarizes the basic principles,review processes,advantages and disadvantages of representative academic review mechanisms such as peer-review model,project-manager model,and de-review model.Based on the innovation experience of foreign HRHR research projects,some suggestions are put forward:formulate HRHR research funding policies to promote original innovation;improve the academic review mechanism for selecting HRHR research;and create an excellent academic ecology that stimulates HRHR research development.