国家创新力测度与国际比较:2006-2020年

National Innovation Force Measurement and International Comparison:2006-2020

文章从“科学—技术—产业”创新价值链横向和“实力—效力”创新价值链纵向构建了“三横二纵”的“国家创新力测度框架”,实现了考虑科学、技术和创新活动差异性及规模和效率差异性的国家创新系统的不同角度和不同维度的全视角分析,以支撑创新政策与战略的分类研究和差异性实施。文章基于笔者研究完成的《国家创新力测度与国际比较》报告,在对35个主要国家进行分析的基础上,深入研究了2006—2020年我国和10个典型国家的创新力演化趋势,刻画了35个主要国家的创新力竞争格局,揭示了我国国家创新力的竞争优势与劣势。研究发现,35个主要国家的创新力竞争格局稳中有变,我国创新力排名稳步上升,但仍有较大提升空间。通过对10个典型国家的比较分析发现,美国、日本、德国、英国、法国、韩国6个主要发达国家的创新实力排名稳定于上游,但创新效力排名近年从上游下降趋于中游,致使英国、法国等国家近年的创新力排名逐渐下降;南非、印度、巴西和俄罗斯4个金砖国家的创新实力排名处于中下游,创新效力排名普遍较低,制约着创新力排名提升。我国创新实力优势明显,在35个主要国家中处于上游;创新效力排名波动提升,趋向于中游,但仍显著滞后于创新实力排名,制约我国创新力排名提升。从3类创新活动表现上看,与10个典型国家的稳定或下降态势不同,我国技术开发力排名、科学创造力排名和产业发展力排名实现不同程度的上升;技术开发力竞争优势日趋显著,而科学创造力仍明显制约我国创新力排名提升。文章提出提升我国国家创新力的对策建议。

Based on the innovation value chain,this study establishes the“three horizontal and two vertical dimensions”measurement framework of National Innovation Force,which has a science-technology-industry horizontal dimension and a strength-effectiveness vertical dimension.The framework realizes a comprehensive analysis of National Innovation System from different perspectives and supports the categorized research and differentiated implementation of innovation policies and strategies.The framework considers the differences in science,technology,and innovation activities,as well as those between strength and effectiveness.Based on the analysis of 35 countries in The Report of National Innovation Force Measurement and International Comparison completed by the authors,this work studies in depth the evolution of National Innovation Force of China and ten typical countries from 2006 to 2020.In addition to the competitive landscape of National Innovation Force of 35 countries,it analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of China’s National Innovation Force during the period.As a result,it shows that the competitive landscape of National Innovation Force of 35 countries has changed slightly.China’s National Innovation Force ranking has increased steadily but still needs to be improved.From the comparison between China and ten typical countries,six developed countries,namely the United States of America,Japan,Germany,the United Kingdom,France,and South Korea,generally had high National Innovation Strength Force rankings.But their National Innovation Effectiveness Force rankings dropped from upper to the middle level,leading to the drop in National Innovation Force rankings of countries such as the United Kingdom and France in recent years.Four BRICS countries,namely South Africa,India,Brazil,and Russia were in the middle or lower level of National Innovation Strength Force rankings.Besides,their National Innovation Effectiveness Force ranked low,which restricted the improvement of their National Innovation Force rankings.China’s National Innovation Strength Force ranked among the top level of 35 countries and had obvious advantages.Despite some fluctuations,China’s National Innovation Effectiveness Force ranking rose to the middle level of 35 countries in 2020.However,China’s National Innovation Effectiveness Force ranking significantly lagged behind China’s National Innovation Strength Force ranking and restricted the improvement of China’s National Innovation Force ranking.From the perspective of three types of innovation activities,different from ten typical countries’stable or declining trends,China’s National Technological Force ranking,National Scientific Force ranking,and National Industrial Force ranking were all on the rise.For China,the competitive advantage of National Technological Force became increasingly significant,while National Scientific Force was the key constraint force.In the future,some measures should be taken to enhance China’s National Innovation Force.