祖先崇拜与竹图腾的交融互渗——汉族与南方少数民族族源传说的比较

Integration and Fusion of Ancestor Worship and Bamboo Totem:a Comparison of Legends on Ethnic Origin between Han and Ethnic Minorities in Southern China

通过对珠江三角洲、粤西南以及青海河湟地区所谓“珠玑巷后裔”的族谱、神话、仪式和语言进行比较研究,认为“祖先来自珠玑巷”的说法源于古越人关于“祖先来自竹子”的神话传说。众多民间族谱记载的“珠玑巷”不是一个真实的地名,它只是越人的竹崇拜与汉人的宗族观念交融以后创造出的精神空间,而广东南雄因地处汉越交界区则成为这个精神空间在现实世界的投射地。从这个意义上理解“珠玑巷”,可透视汉越人民共铸中华民族共同体意识的智慧。

Based on studies of genealogies,myths,rites and languages of descendants of Zhu Ji Xiang in Hehuang district of Qinghai,southwest of Guangdong and the Pearl-River Delta,this article points out that the statement that“ancestors originate from Zhu Ji Xiang”is derived from the myth of ancient Yue tribes that“ancestors originate from bamboos”.According to genealogies,the name Zhu Ji Xiang is not a real geographic name,but a spiritual space blended between the bamboo worship of ancient Yue tribes and the clan consciousness of Han.The spiritual space is reflected in reality at Nan Xiong of Guangdong,which is located at the junctional zone between Han and Yue.Study of Zhu Ji Xiang from this perspective helps us understand better the wisdom of Han and Yue people in their cooperation of fostering the sense of community for the Chinese nation.