国有企业在ICSID管辖权中的仲裁资格

Arbitration Qualification of State-owned Enterprises in ICSID Jurisdiction

国有企业可利用ICSID下的投资仲裁对在东道国的海外投资权益损害予以救济。这一救济途径需以明确国有企业是否为ICSID适格仲裁申请人为前提。研究表明,现有《解决国家与他国国民投资争端公约》(《ICSID公约》)对国有企业作为适格仲裁申请人持开放态度,只需要国有企业满足并非“充当政府代理人”或者“行使基本政府职能”的要件即可。但在如何定性上述要件问题上,ICSID仲裁庭实践所确立的标准存有一定缺陷并与国际趋势不甚相符。有鉴于此,应该结合当前国际国内实践确立的“行为性质+目的”判断标准对国有企业是否“行使基本政府职能”做出判断,而对于国有企业是否“充当政府代理人”,关键在于考察相关国有企业是否实际上按照国家的指示或者是在国家的指挥或控制之下行事。

The state-owned enterprises can resort to the investment arbitration under ICSID to make its overseas investment in the host country being remedied.Although,such remedy should reach the prerequisite of making clear whether the state-owned enterprise has the standing before ICSID at the first hand.After careful reasoning,it turns out that the existing ICSID Convention is open to state-owned enterprises as eligible applicants for arbitration,but it urges the state-owned enterprises to meet the requirements of not“acting as a government agents”or“exercising basic government functions”.Bearing those requirements in mind,the current standards established by ICSID tribunal practices seems to have some deficits and are not in line with the international trends.In view of this,it should consider the current"behavior nature plus purpose"criteria established by the current international and domestic practices while determining whether state-owned enterprises"exercise basic government functions".As to the criteria of whether state-owned enterprises"acting as government agents",the key is to examine whether the relevant state-owned enterprises are acting under the direction of the state or under the command or control of the state.