民国时期曾言枢康南宣抚活动述论(1937-1938)

On Zeng Yanshu′s Activities of“Xuanfu”(Social Governance)in Southern Khams During the Republic of China,1937-1938

民国初年,康南地区头人势力崛起,秩序混乱,当地政府统治乏力,整顿康南县政成了西康建省的关键问题。贡噶岭事件发生后,为稳定康南局势,刘文辉任命曾言枢为康南宣抚司令。整顿粮税、设立学校、编练民团等事务是曾言枢宣抚活动的重要内容。曾言枢也十分注重对康南地区藏传佛教寺庙上层僧侣的笼络,争取头人的支持配合,重视藏语文和藏传佛教在康南地区治理中的作用。经过将近半年的巡视宣抚,康南地区的社会矛盾趋于缓解,政府威信逐渐树立,民众的国家认同意识逐渐增强,康南各县局势得到基本控制。

With the rise of local forces(Tou-ren),the social order gradually became turbulent and the government′s administration was very difficult in southern Khams in the early period of the Republic of China.Therefore,the reorganization of the county administration in southern Khams became a key issue in the process of Xikang province′s foundation.In order to stabilize the situation in southern Khams,Zeng Yanshu was designated as the commander for propaganda,guidance and comfort after the Gonggaling incident of 1937.The rectification of the corvee and grain tax,the establishment of schools,and the local people′s organizations were important contents of Zeng Yanshu′s social governance.Meanwhile,Zeng Yanshu also paid great attention to the rapprochement of Tibetan Buddhist temples and upper monks,actively sought the cooperation of local leaders,and attached great importance to the role of Tibetan language and Buddhism in the social governance in southern Khams.After nearly half a year′s inspection tour,the social contradictions tended to ease,the government′s prestige gradually was established,the local Tibetan people′s sense of national identity increased,and the social situation was basically under control in southern Khams.