京张高铁八达岭长城地下站站内气流实测与分析

Field Measurement and Analysis of Air Flow in Badaling Great Wall Underground Station of Beijing-Zhangjiakou High-speed Railway

京张高铁八达岭长城地下站站内气流流通路径复杂,内部的热压风作用明显,且当列车高速越行通过车站时,引起的活塞风会影响乘客的舒适性及站内空调系统的运行。对京张高铁冬季运营初期长城站站内各处的速度和温度进行了现场实测,分析站内气流流动和温度分布规律。实测结果表明:冬季站内外温差大,且隧道埋深较深,热压作用强,流经车站内的风为热压风与活塞风的叠加,活塞风与热压风共同影响站内热环境和风环境;当无列车通过时,由热压引起的进出站通道风速分别为0.81 m/s和1.04 m/s;当列车越行时,进出站通道的最大风速达到2.68 m/s和2.97 m/s,同时进出站口风速达到7.20 m/s和6.75 m/s;列车离开咽喉区后,进出站通道内空气出现反向流动;当地面出站厅开口面积较小时,出站口门处最大风速达到14.00 m/s,影响旅客的舒适性和安全性。

The air flow path in the Badaling Great Wall Underground Station of Beijing-Zhangjiakou High-speed Railway is complex, and the buoyancy-driven ventilation inside the station is distinct. Meanwhile, the piston wind caused by the train passing through the station at a high speed affects the comfort of passengers and the operation of air conditioning system in the station. Field measurements of the wind velocity and temperature in the station are taken in winter in initial operation stage, and the patterns of air flow and temperature distribution in the station are analyzed. Results show that the buoyancy effect is strong due to the large temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the station in winter. Wind in the station is the combination of buoyancy-driven wind and piston wind, which influence jointly the thermal environment and wind environment. Without a train, wind velocities in the entrance and the exit passages caused by the buoyancy force are 0.81 m/s and 1.04 m/s respectively. When a train passes, the maximum wind velocities in the entrance and exit passages reach 2.68 m/s and 2.97 m/s. Meanwhile, the wind velocities at the entrance and exit doors reach 7.20 m/s and 6.75 m/s respectively. After the train leaves the throat area, the air in the passage flows reversely. When the opening area of the ground exit hall is small, the wind velocity at the exit door reaches 14.00 m/s, which affects the comfort and safety of passengers.