刺激鱼类自然繁殖的生态调度和适应性管理研究进展

Recent progress in ecological operation and adaptive management for stimulating fish natural spawning

水库调控下的水文情势、河道环境与鱼类行为之间如何驱动响应,促进生态良性循环的反馈调节机制如何科学建立,现有水库生态调度方案如何优化调整,是近年来我国试验性生态调度工作中面临的一连串新问题,也是我国马上步入后水电时代水库可持续运行与适应性管理迫切需要考虑的问题。通过系统调研和梳理总结,综述了水库调度环境下的鱼类生态响应与生态调度方面的研究进展,认为适应性管理闭环的顶层设计、人工调度环境下的鱼类行为响应机理、刺激鱼类行为响应的水文过程反馈调节机制,以及生态调度实践初期面临的小样本问题,是当前研究的难点和下一步亟待攻克的科学问题。在此基础上,提出了从“驱动力—状态—响应”这一逻辑链条有机串联和系统研究“水文过程—河道环境—鱼类行为”之间复杂响应与互馈关系的设想,并对未来生态水文学、生态水力学和鱼类生态学等多学科的贯通发展,以及新一代计算机和信息技术在本领域的尝试应用进行了展望。

A series of new problems faced by China's experimental ecological operation in recent years are how to drive the response among the hydrological regime under reservoir operation,river environment and fish behavior;how to scientifically establish a feedback regulation mechanism to promote a benign ecologi-cal cycle,and how to optimize and adjust the current schemes of reservoir ecological operation.Those are also urgent issues to be considered in the sustainable operation and adaptive management of reservoirs in post-hydropower era.Through systematic investigation and summary,this paper summarizes the research progress in ecological response of fish and ecological operation under reservoir operation environment.The current research difficulties and scientific problems to be solved urgently in the next step are concerned with the top-level design of adaptive management closed loop,fish behavior response mechanism under arti-ficial operation environment,hydrological process feedback regulation mechanism to stimulate fish behavior response,and small sample size problems in the early stage of ecological operation practice.On this basis,this paper puts forward ideas from the logic chain of"driving force-state-response",to combine the com-plex response coherently and to study the mutual feedback relationship of"hydrological process-river envi-ronment-fish behavior"systematically.The prospects of the integrated development of future disciplines have been discussed,including ecological hydrology,ecological hydraulics,fish ecology etc.,as well as the trial application of new generation of computers and information technology in this field.