动力电池梯次利用储能系统电热安全研究现状及展望

Status and Prospect of Safety Studies of Cascade Power Battery Energy Storage System

动力电池梯次利用储能系统电热安全已经成为系统大规模建设推广的关键影响因素,亟待构建完善的动力电池梯次利用储能系统电热安全管理体系、研究系列安全管理方法、制定系列安全标准。空间上需要建立梯次电池单体、模组、系统整体全方位的电热安全管理方案;时间上需要建立电池筛选、系统构建、系统运行的安全操作策略;流程上需要建立安全风险识别、评估、安全预警分析、预案决策、执行的电热安全管控流程。本文对梯次电池储能系统的电热安全风险诱发机理和安全技术的最新研究进展进行了分析,梳理了梯次电池应用储能的政策标准、示范工程及储能电站事故;从梯次电池储能系统的单体、模组、系统三级分析了安全事故风险诱因;从电热两个层面,分析了相关安全保护技术的先进性和局限性;并对未来动力电池梯次利用储能系统在相关应用政策、安全风险机理研究、安全管理技术研究三个方面提出了建议。

The electrical and thermal safety of the energy storage system for the reuse of power batteries has become a key factor in the large-scale construction and promotion of the system. It is urgent to build the reuse of power batteries step-by-step energy storage system, study series of safety management methods, and formulate series of safety standards. Specially, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive thermal safety management scheme from step battery monomer to module to energy storage system. Time requires the establishment of a security operation strategy from battery screening to energy storage system building to system operation. On the process, it is necessary to establish the process of electric and thermal safety management and control from safety risk identification and assessment to safety warning analysis to safety plan decision execution. The mechanism of electrothermal safety risk induction and the latest progress of safety technology research for re-used battery storage system are summarized, and the policy standards,demonstration projects and accidents of energy storage system for the reuse of power batteries are combed. The advances and limitations of related safety protection technologies are analyzed from the two aspects of electricity and heat. Suggestions on application policy, safety risk mechanism and safety management technology of power battery step-by-step the energy storage system for the reuse of power batteries in the future are put forward.