吸收促进剂的作用机制及其在鼻腔给药中的研究进展

The mechanism of different absorption enhancers and research advances in nasal administration

随着新的蛋白质及肽类治疗药物的开发,非侵入性给药途径-鼻腔给药日益受到关注。与口服给药和注射给药相比,鼻腔给药既可避免注射给药带来的生理和心理创伤,也可消除口服给药过程中肝脏的首过效应;且鼻腔黏膜下血管丰富,有助于药物的吸收,也更加便于患者的抢救和自救。然而,由于鼻黏膜屏障的存在,药物很难达到理想的治疗效果,因此需要加入鼻黏膜吸收促进剂来增强药物的吸收。该文主要探讨鼻黏膜吸收促进剂的作用机制及分类,并对FDA已上市鼻腔制剂中的吸收促进剂进行汇总,同时对新型黏膜吸收促进剂在鼻腔给药制剂中的应用进行阐述,以期为鼻腔给药制剂的开发提供依据。

With the development of new protein and peptide therapeutic drugs,nasal administration,a non-invasive route of administration,has attracted more and more attention.Compared with oral administration and injection administration,nasal administration can not only avoid the physiological and psychological trauma caused by injection,but also eliminate the first-pass effect of liver in oral administration.There are rich blood vessels under the nasal mucosa,which is helpful to the absorption of drugs,and it is also more convenient for patients to rescue and self-rescue.However,due to the presence of the nasal mucosal barrier,it is difficult for the drug to achieve the ideal therapeutic effect,so it is necessary to add some nasal absorption enhancers to promote the absorption of these drugs.The purpose of this article is to discuss the mechanism and classification of nasal absorption enhancers,summarize the intranasal absorption enhancers used in FDA and describe the application of new mucosal absorption enhancers in nasal administration,which provides the basis for nasal delivery preparation.