技术创新视角下黄河流域工业用水效率研究

Research on Industrial Water Efficiency of the Yellow River Basin from the Perspective of Technological Innovation

在双循环发展战略下,黄河流域成为中国产业转移的重要承接地,工业用水效率提升对流域水环境安全和高质量发展意义重大。以2007—2017年黄河流域各省(区)为研究对象,采用SBM-DEA模型和GML指数法测算区域工业用水效率及其分解,并基于技术创新用门槛回归法探究工业用水效率的影响因素。结果显示:(1)黄河流域工业用水效率在研究期间呈波动上升趋势,存在较大的节水潜力;(2)黄河流域工业用水效率省(区)间差异明显,效率升高的4个省(区)驱动因素是技术进步,效率降低的省(区)由技术效率下降和技术倒退制约;(3)技术创新水平对区域工业用水效率存在正向门槛效应;(4)城镇化水平、工业发展水平、水资源丰裕度和政府研发支持度对工业用水效率有显著促进作用,而环境规制、经济发展水平和人口规模对工业用水效率有显著抑制作用。正向影响因素可以依托技术创新提升对用水效率的积极影响,负向影响因素则可以依托技术创新趋同效应减小对用水效率的抑制作用。

Under the dual-cycle development strategy, the Yellow River Basin is an important area for China’s industrial transfer. The improvement of industrial water efficiency is of great significance to the water environment safety and high-quality development. Based on the data of the provinces of the Yellow River Basin from 2007 to 2017, this paper adopted the SBM-DEA model and the GML index to measure the regional industrial water efficiency and its decomposition, and further explored the influencing factors of the industrial water efficiency based on the threshold regression for technological innovation. The results show that: a) the industrial water efficiency of the Yellow River Basin has a fluctuation upward trend during the study period, but there is a large water saving potential. b) There are obvious regional differences. Among the provinces with higher efficiency, there are four driving factors for technological progress, and the provinces with lower efficiency are restricted by declining technical efficiency and technological regression. c) The level of technological innovation has a positive threshold effect on the industrial water efficiency. d) Urbanization, industrial development, water resources and the government R&D support have a significant role in promoting the industrial water efficiency, while environmental regulations, economic development and population scale have a significant inhibitory effect on industrial water efficiency. Positive influencing factors can rely on the Matthew effect of technological innovation to enhance the positive impact on water use efficiency, while negative influencing factors can rely on the convergence effect of technological innovation to slow down the inhibitory effect on water use efficiency.