基于工作分解结构的装备作战试验项目设计与评价

Design and assessment of an operational test item based on Work Breakdown Structure

试验项目是装备试验鉴定资源分配、实施及数据产生与采集的基本单元。要经济高效地完成规定的装备试验鉴定任务,必须设计与试验目的相关联的、完备可行的试验项目清单。本文界定了装备作战试验项目的概念,分析了装备作战试验项目的六个特征,归纳了装备作战试验项目设计的四条原则,并基于现代项目管理的工作分解结构(Work Breakdown Structure,简称WBS)技术提出了装备作战试验项目设计的两种方法,即基于装备能力的作战试验项目设计和基于任务过程的作战试验项目设计,通过对设计原则和要求的细化建立了装备作战试验项目设计结果评价的指标体系,并给出了综合评价思路,用来为装备作战试验项目设计提供指导。

A test item is a basic unit that is used in resource allocation testing,organizational testing and imple‐mentation,and in producing and collecting test data.To carry out equipment tests and evaluations in a financially vi‐able and efficient manner,it is necessary to design complete and correct lists of the test item which correspond to the operational test objective.This paper defines the concept of an operational test item,analyzes its six features,and outlines four principles for designing an operational test item.Based on the idea of Work Breakdown Structure(WBS)in modern project management,this paper also proposes two methods to design an operational test item:an operational test project design based on equipment capability,and an operational test project design based on the mission process.Further,the measurement systems of the design results are constructed by refining the principles of designing an item,and ideas about synthetic evaluation are proposed,while providing guidance for the design of op‐erational test items.